महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-26

तमसा संवृतज्ञानः संवृतेष्वथ मर्मसु ।
स जीवो निरधिष्ठानश्चाव्यते मातरिश्वना ॥२६॥

26. tamasā saṁvṛtajñānaḥ saṁvṛteṣvatha marmasu ,
sa jīvo niradhiṣṭhānaścāvyate mātariśvanā.

26. tamasā saṃvṛtajñānaḥ saṃvṛteṣu atha marmasu
saḥ jīvaḥ niradhiṣṭhānaḥ ca avyate mātariśvanā

26. saḥ jīvaḥ tamasā saṃvṛtajñānaḥ saṃvṛteṣu atha
marmasu niradhiṣṭhānaḥ ca mātariśvanā avyate

26. When the individual soul (jīva) has its knowledge obscured by ignorance (tamas) and its vital points are similarly enveloped, it becomes unsupported and is then agitated by the vital breath.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance

• संवृतज्ञानः (saṁvṛtajñānaḥ) - whose knowledge is covered/obscured

• संवृतेषु (saṁvṛteṣu) - in the covered, in the enveloped

• अथ (atha) - then, moreover

• मर्मसु (marmasu) - in the vital spots, in the vulnerable points

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - individual soul, living being

• निरधिष्ठानः (niradhiṣṭhānaḥ) - without support, helpless

• च (ca) - and

• अव्यते (avyate) - is agitated, is stirred, is moved

• मातरिश्वना (mātariśvanā) - by the wind, by the vital breath

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by ignorance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, gloom

संवृतज्ञानः (saṁvṛtajñānaḥ) - whose knowledge is covered/obscured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛtajñāna

saṁvṛtajñāna - one whose knowledge is covered or obscured

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃvṛta+jñāna)

• saṃvṛta – covered, hidden, concealed, shut
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the verb root √vṛ (to cover, conceal) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √vṛ (class 1)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

संवृतेषु (saṁvṛteṣu) - in the covered, in the enveloped

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, hidden, concealed, shut

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the verb root √vṛ (to cover, conceal) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: √vṛ (class 1)

Note: Used substantively here, referring to 'marmasu'.

अथ (atha) - then, moreover

(indeclinable)

मर्मसु (marmasu) - in the vital spots, in the vulnerable points

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, secret, joint

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - individual soul, living being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, individual soul, life principle

Root: √jīv (class 1)

निरधिष्ठानः (niradhiṣṭhānaḥ) - without support, helpless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niradhiṣṭhāna

niradhiṣṭhāna - without a basis, unsupported, having no resting place

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+adhiṣṭhāna)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• adhiṣṭhāna – seat, basis, support, residence
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अव्यते (avyate) - is agitated, is stirred, is moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √cyu

Root: √cyu (class 1)

मातरिश्वना (mātariśvanā) - by the wind, by the vital breath

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mātariśvan

mātariśvan - wind, air, vital breath (Prāṇa)