महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-23

ब्रह्मणा संपरित्यक्तो मृत इत्युच्यते नरः ।
स्रोतोभिर्यैर्विजानाति इन्द्रियार्थाञ्शरीरभृत् ।
तैरेव न विजानाति प्राणमाहारसंभवम् ॥२३॥

23. brahmaṇā saṁparityakto mṛta ityucyate naraḥ ,
srotobhiryairvijānāti indriyārthāñśarīrabhṛt ,
taireva na vijānāti prāṇamāhārasaṁbhavam.

23. brahmaṇā samparityaktaḥ mṛtaḥ iti
ucyate naraḥ srotobhiḥ yaiḥ vijānāti
indriyārthān śarīrabhṛt taiḥ eva
na vijānāti prāṇam āhārasambhavam

23. naraḥ brahmaṇā samparityaktaḥ mṛtaḥ iti ucyate.
śarīrabhṛt yaiḥ srotobhiḥ indriyārthān vijānāti,
taiḥ eva āhārasambhavam prāṇam na vijānāti.

23. A person, when entirely forsaken by the ultimate reality (brahman), is declared to be dead. The embodied being (śarīrabhṛt), through the very channels by which it perceives the objects of the senses, does not perceive the vital breath (prāṇa) that originates from food.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by the ultimate reality (brahman) (by brahman, by the ultimate reality)

• सम्परित्यक्तः (samparityaktaḥ) - entirely forsaken (entirely abandoned, completely forsaken)

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, saying)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (is said, is called)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

• स्रोतोभिः (srotobhiḥ) - by channels (by channels, by streams)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whichever (by which, by whom)

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - perceives (knows, understands, perceives)

• इन्द्रियार्थान् (indriyārthān) - the objects of the senses (objects of the senses)

• शरीरभृत् (śarīrabhṛt) - the embodied being (śarīrabhṛt) (embodied being, one who bears a body)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those very same (by those)

• एव (eva) - very same (indeed, only, just)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - perceives (knows, understands, perceives)

• प्राणम् (prāṇam) - the vital breath (prāṇa) (vital breath, life force)

• आहारसम्भवम् (āhārasambhavam) - that originates from food (born of food, originating from nourishment)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by the ultimate reality (brahman) (by brahman, by the ultimate reality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - ultimate reality, sacred word

Root: bṛh

Note: The instrumental case indicates the agent of abandonment.

सम्परित्यक्तः (samparityaktaḥ) - entirely forsaken (entirely abandoned, completely forsaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samparityakta

samparityakta - entirely abandoned, completely forsaken

Past Passive Participle

From root tyaj (to abandon) with upasargas sam- and pari-

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'naraḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates direct speech or quotation.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Atmanepada form.

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

स्रोतोभिः (srotobhiḥ) - by channels (by channels, by streams)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of srotas

srotas - channel, stream, organ of sense

From root sru (to flow)

Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case indicating means.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whichever (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'srotobhiḥ'.

विजानाति (vijānāti) - perceives (knows, understands, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: With prefix vi- meaning 'to discern, perceive'.

इन्द्रियार्थान् (indriyārthān) - the objects of the senses (objects of the senses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of indriyārtha

indriyārtha - object of sense

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indriya+artha)

• indriya – sense organ
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ind
• artha – object, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Object of 'vijānāti'.

शरीरभृत् (śarīrabhṛt) - the embodied being (śarīrabhṛt) (embodied being, one who bears a body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarīrabhṛt

śarīrabhṛt - embodied being, one who bears a body

Formed from śarīra (body) + root bhṛ (to bear)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarīra+bhṛt)

• śarīra – body, physical form
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śṝ
• bhṛt – bearing, supporting
  noun (masculine)
  nominal agentive suffix
  From root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'vijānāti'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those very same (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Instrumental case.

एव (eva) - very same (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'vijānāti'.

विजानाति (vijānāti) - perceives (knows, understands, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: With prefix vi- meaning 'to discern, perceive'.

प्राणम् (prāṇam) - the vital breath (prāṇa) (vital breath, life force)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - vital breath, life force

From root an (to breathe) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vijānāti'.

आहारसम्भवम् (āhārasambhavam) - that originates from food (born of food, originating from nourishment)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhārasambhava

āhārasambhava - born of food, originating from nourishment

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āhāra+sambhava)

• āhāra – food, nourishment
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ (to seize, take) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• sambhava – origin, birth, production
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, become) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'prāṇam'.