महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-12

रसातियुक्तमन्नं वा दिवास्वप्नं निषेवते ।
अपक्वानागते काले स्वयं दोषान्प्रकोपयन् ॥१२॥

12. rasātiyuktamannaṁ vā divāsvapnaṁ niṣevate ,
apakvānāgate kāle svayaṁ doṣānprakopayan.

12. rasātiyuktam annam vā divāsvapnam niṣevate
apakvā ānāgate kāle svayam doṣān prakopayan

12. (saḥ) rasātiyuktam annam vā divāsvapnam niṣevate.
(saḥ) apakvā (sthitiḥ) ānāgate kāle ca svayam doṣān prakopayan (bhavati)

12. One consumes food excessively rich in tastes (rasa) or indulges in daytime sleep. By doing so, when there is an undigested state and an untimely moment, they themselves aggravate the bodily humors (doṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• रसातियुक्तम् (rasātiyuktam) - food excessively rich in tastes (rasa) (excessively flavored, endowed with excessive rasa (taste/essence))

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• दिवास्वप्नम् (divāsvapnam) - daytime sleep (day-sleep, sleeping during the day)

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - indulges in, practices (serves, attends, indulges in, practices, uses)

• अपक्वा (apakvā) - undigested (referring to the state of food) (undigested, uncooked, immature)

• आनागते (ānāgate) - untimely, not yet arrived (at the proper time for digestion) (not yet arrived, untimely, future)

• काले (kāle) - at the time (untimely) (in time, at the time, at the proper time)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves, by oneself (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• दोषान् (doṣān) - bodily humors (doṣa) (faults, defects, bodily humors)

• प्रकोपयन् (prakopayan) - aggravating, provoking (causing to be greatly excited, aggravating, provoking)

Words meanings and morphology

रसातियुक्तम् (rasātiyuktam) - food excessively rich in tastes (rasa) (excessively flavored, endowed with excessive rasa (taste/essence))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rasātiyukta

rasātiyukta - excessively flavored, containing too much rasa

Compound: rasa (taste, essence) + ati (excessive) + yukta (joined, endowed with)

Compound type : madhyamapadalopi-tatpuruṣa (rasa+ati+yukta)

• rasa – taste, essence, juice, fluid, emotion (rasa)
  noun (masculine)
  From √ras (to taste)
  Root: ras (class 1)
• ati – over, excessively, beyond
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, united, endowed with, suitable, proper
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'annam'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, boiled rice

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'niṣevate'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive particle.

दिवास्वप्नम् (divāsvapnam) - daytime sleep (day-sleep, sleeping during the day)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divāsvapna

divāsvapna - day-sleep, sleeping in the daytime

Compound: divā (by day) + svapna (sleep)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+svapna)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
  From div (day)
  Root: div
• svapna – sleep, dream
  noun (masculine)
  From √svap (to sleep)
  Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'niṣevate'.

निषेवते (niṣevate) - indulges in, practices (serves, attends, indulges in, practices, uses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Tense

Present middle voice, 3rd person singular with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject.

अपक्वा (apakvā) - undigested (referring to the state of food) (undigested, uncooked, immature)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apakva

apakva - undigested, uncooked, raw, immature

Compound: a (not) + pakva (cooked, digested)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pakva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pakva – cooked, ripe, digested, mature
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √pac (to cook, digest)
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Adjective possibly modifying an implied feminine noun like 'sthitiḥ' (state) or 'avasthā' (condition). Used adverbially as part of a locative absolute phrase.

आनागते (ānāgate) - untimely, not yet arrived (at the proper time for digestion) (not yet arrived, untimely, future)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ānāgata

ānāgata - not yet arrived, future, untimely

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Compound: a (not) + āgata (arrived). Āgata from ā-gam (to come).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āgata)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come, attained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-gam (to come)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - at the time (untimely) (in time, at the time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

Note: Indicates the time when the action occurs.

स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves, by oneself (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

From sva (self)

Note: Emphasizes the subject.

दोषान् (doṣān) - bodily humors (doṣa) (faults, defects, bodily humors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, bodily humor (vāta, pitta, kapha) (doṣa)

From √duṣ (to be bad)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'prakopayan'.

प्रकोपयन् (prakopayan) - aggravating, provoking (causing to be greatly excited, aggravating, provoking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakopayant

prakopayant - causing to be greatly excited, aggravating, provoking

Present Active Participle (causative)

From pra-kup (to be agitated) in causative form (kopaya) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Adjectival to the implied subject, indicating simultaneous action.