महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-7

आयुःक्षयपरीतात्मा विपरीतानि सेवते ।
बुद्धिर्व्यावर्तते चास्य विनाशे प्रत्युपस्थिते ॥७॥

7. āyuḥkṣayaparītātmā viparītāni sevate ,
buddhirvyāvartate cāsya vināśe pratyupasthite.

7. āyuḥkṣayaparītātmā viparītāni sevate buddhiḥ
vyāvartate ca asya vināśe pratyupasthite

7. āyuḥkṣayaparītātmā viparītāni sevate.
ca asya buddhiḥ vināśe pratyupasthite vyāvartate.

7. When one's self (ātman) is afflicted by the diminution of life, he engages in adverse actions. And his intellect (buddhi) deviates when destruction is imminent.

Words meanings summery:

• आयुःक्षयपरीतात्मा (āyuḥkṣayaparītātmā) - one whose self is afflicted by the diminution of life

• विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - adverse things, contrary things

• सेवते (sevate) - (he) performs, serves, practices

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment

• व्यावर्तते (vyāvartate) - turns away, deviates, retreats

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• विनाशे (vināśe) - in destruction, at the approach of ruin

• प्रत्युपस्थिते (pratyupasthite) - when approached, when imminent, having come close

Words meanings and morphology

आयुःक्षयपरीतात्मा (āyuḥkṣayaparītātmā) - one whose self is afflicted by the diminution of life

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyuḥkṣayaparītātman

āyuḥkṣayaparītātman - one whose self is surrounded/overcome by life's decay

Bahuvrihi compound: āyus (life) + kṣaya (decay) + parīta (afflicted) + ātman (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āyus+kṣaya+parīta+ātman)

• āyus – life, longevity
  noun (neuter)
• kṣaya – decay, diminution, loss, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to destroy, diminish) + a suffix.
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, afflicted, assailed
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix pari.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - adverse things, contrary things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of viparīta

viparīta - contrary, opposite, reversed, adverse

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefixes vi + pari.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

सेवते (sevate) - (he) performs, serves, practices

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Middle

From root √sev (to serve, attend).

Root: sev (class 1)

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

From root budh (to know, understand) + ti suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

व्यावर्तते (vyāvartate) - turns away, deviates, retreats

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle

From root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefixes vi + ā.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

विनाशे (vināśe) - in destruction, at the approach of ruin

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, perishing, loss

From prefix vi + root naś (to perish) + a suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

प्रत्युपस्थिते (pratyupasthite) - when approached, when imminent, having come close

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of pratyupasthita

pratyupasthita - present, near, imminent, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes prati + upa.

Prefixes: prati+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)