महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-8

सत्त्वं बलं च कालं चाप्यविदित्वात्मनस्तथा ।
अतिवेलमुपाश्नाति तैर्विरुद्धान्यनात्मवान् ॥८॥

8. sattvaṁ balaṁ ca kālaṁ cāpyaviditvātmanastathā ,
ativelamupāśnāti tairviruddhānyanātmavān.

8. sattvam balam ca kālam ca api aviditvā ātmanaḥ
tathā ativelam upāśnāti taiḥ viruddhāni anātmavān

8. anātmavān ātmanaḥ sattvam balam ca kālam ca api
tathā aviditvā ativelam taiḥ viruddhāni upāśnāti

8. An unwise person (anātmavān), without knowing his own vitality (sattva), strength, or even the appropriate time, excessively consumes things adverse to them.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - One's intrinsic strength or capacity. (vitality, strength, essence, goodness)

• बलम् (balam) - power, strength, force

• च (ca) - and

• कालम् (kālam) - time, season

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अविदित्वा (aviditvā) - without knowing, not having known

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own (ātman)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly

• अतिवेलम् (ativelam) - excessively, beyond measure, at the wrong time

• उपाश्नाति (upāśnāti) - consumes, partakes, enjoys

• तैः (taiḥ) - By one's vitality, strength, and time. (by them)

• विरुद्धानि (viruddhāni) - adverse, contradictory (things)

• अनात्मवान् (anātmavān) - one who is not self-controlled, unwise, senseless

Words meanings and morphology

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - One's intrinsic strength or capacity. (vitality, strength, essence, goodness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, existence, essence, nature, strength, vitality, purity, goodness (guṇa)

From root as (to be) + tva suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

बलम् (balam) - power, strength, force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Root: bal (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कालम् (kālam) - time, season

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, proper time

Root: kal (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

अविदित्वा (aviditvā) - without knowing, not having known

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

From root vid (to know) + tvā suffix, with negative prefix a-.

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind

Root: an (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly

(indeclinable)

अतिवेलम् (ativelam) - excessively, beyond measure, at the wrong time

(indeclinable)

Compound: ati (excessive) + velā (time, limit). Functions adverbially here.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+velā)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excess or transgression.
• velā – time, limit, boundary, tide
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vel (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

उपाश्नाति (upāśnāti) - consumes, partakes, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Present Active

From root √aś (to eat, enjoy) with prefixes upa + ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: aś (class 9)

तैः (taiḥ) - By one's vitality, strength, and time. (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'sattvam', 'balam', and 'kālam'.

विरुद्धानि (viruddhāni) - adverse, contradictory (things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of viruddha

viruddha - opposed, contrary, hostile, obstructed

Past Passive Participle

From root rudh (to obstruct) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: rudh (class 7)

अनात्मवान् (anātmavān) - one who is not self-controlled, unwise, senseless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anātmanvat

anātmanvat - without self-control, inconsiderate, foolish, senseless

Compound: a- (negative) + ātman (self) + -vat (possessive suffix). One who does not possess control over their self (ātman).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+ātman+vat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• vat – possessing, having, like
  suffix
  matup/vatup suffix indicating possession.