महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-55, verse-19

क्षुधितो मामसूयेथाः श्रमाद्वेति नराधिप ।
एतां बुद्धिं समास्थाय कर्शितौ वां मया क्षुधा ॥१९॥

19. kṣudhito māmasūyethāḥ śramādveti narādhipa ,
etāṁ buddhiṁ samāsthāya karśitau vāṁ mayā kṣudhā.

19. kṣudhitaḥ mām asūyethāḥ śramāt vā iti narādhipa
etām buddhim samāsthāya karśitau vām mayā kṣudhā

19. narādhipa tvam kṣudhitaḥ vā śramāt iti mām asūyethāḥ
aham etām buddhim samāsthāya mayā kṣudhā vām karśitau

19. O ruler of men (narādhipa), you might bear ill-will towards me due to your hunger or fatigue. It was with this intention that I caused both of you to be emaciated by hunger.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - (your) hunger (hungry, famished)

• माम् (mām) - me

• असूयेथाः (asūyethāḥ) - you would envy, you would begrudge, you would bear ill-will

• श्रमात् (śramāt) - (your) fatigue (from fatigue, due to exhaustion, from exertion)

• वा (vā) - or

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men, O king

• एताम् (etām) - this (intention) (this (fem.))

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - this intention (of testing them) (intellect, mind, understanding, intention)

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having taken up, having adopted, having resorted to

• कर्शितौ (karśitau) - caused to become emaciated (dual) (emaciated, made lean, made thin)

• वाम् (vām) - both of you (king and queen) (you two (acc./gen./dat. dual))

• मया (mayā) - by the speaker (by me)

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - (your) hunger (hungry, famished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣudh 'to be hungry'.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as the reason for the king's potential resentment; implicitly refers to the king's hunger.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person singular pronoun

असूयेथाः (asūyethāḥ) - you would envy, you would begrudge, you would bear ill-will

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of asūy

Optative/Potential Mood, Middle Voice

2nd person singular, middle voice. Often takes dative of person envied or accusative with preposition.

Root: asūy (class 10)

Note: The ending -thāḥ can be optative or imperative. Context suggests optative (potential).

श्रमात् (śramāt) - (your) fatigue (from fatigue, due to exhaustion, from exertion)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - fatigue, exhaustion, toil, exertion, labor

Masculine noun, a-stem.

Root: śram (class 4)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark direct speech or thought.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound noun: nara (man) + adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

एताम् (etām) - this (intention) (this (fem.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: Agrees with 'buddhim'.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - this intention (of testing them) (intellect, mind, understanding, intention)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, mind, understanding, perception, intention, thought

Feminine noun, i-stem. Derived from root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker's own intention/plan.

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having taken up, having adopted, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

कर्शितौ (karśitau) - caused to become emaciated (dual) (emaciated, made lean, made thin)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of karśita

karśita - emaciated, attenuated, made lean, distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛś (to make lean, to distress).

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, indicating the state of 'vām'.

वाम् (vām) - both of you (king and queen) (you two (acc./gen./dat. dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, dual of yusmad

yusmad - you (singular/plural)

2nd person pronoun stem. Dual accusative, dative, or genitive.

Note: Object of the implied action of 'karśitau'.

मया (mayā) - by the speaker (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent in passive construction 'karśitau vām mayā'.

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite

Feminine noun, h-stem.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)