महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-125, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
साम्ना प्रसाद्यते कश्चिद्दानेन च तथापरः ।
पुरुषः प्रकृतिं ज्ञात्वा तयोरेकतरं भजेत् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sāmnā prasādyate kaściddānena ca tathāparaḥ ,
puruṣaḥ prakṛtiṁ jñātvā tayorekataraṁ bhajet.

2. bhīṣma uvāca sāmnā prasādyate kaścit dānena ca tathā
aparaḥ puruṣaḥ prakṛtim jñātvā tayoḥ ekataram bhajet

2. Bhishma said, "Some are conciliated by gentle means, and others by giving. A person should understand the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) of individuals and then apply either of these two methods."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

• प्रसाद्यते (prasādyate) - is conciliated, is propitiated, is appeased

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone

• दानेन (dānena) - by giving, by donation

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - A general term for an individual. (a person, man, spiritual being)

• प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - Here refers to the nature of the individual being dealt with. (intrinsic nature, material nature)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, after knowing

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - Refers to conciliation and giving. (of the two, among them (dual))

• एकतरम् (ekataram) - Refers to either conciliation or giving. (one of the two)

• भजेत् (bhajet) - Should adopt or apply. (should resort to, should apply, should serve)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a great warrior and elder in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active, 3rd Person Singular

Irregular perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - conciliation, gentle means, song

प्रसाद्यते (prasādyate) - is conciliated, is propitiated, is appeased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of prasād

Present Passive, 3rd Person Singular

From pra + sad (to sit) in causative form (sādaya), then passive. Literally 'to cause to be calm'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Derived from the causative of `sad` (to sit) with `pra`.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, some person

Combination of kim + cit (an indefinite pronoun)

दानेन (dānena) - by giving, by donation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, donation, gift

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

Note: Also functions as an adjective.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - A general term for an individual. (a person, man, spiritual being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, male, human being; (in philosophy) the conscious principle, spirit, the supreme cosmic person

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - Here refers to the nature of the individual being dealt with. (intrinsic nature, material nature)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, cause, fundamental constituent, material nature, intrinsic disposition

From pra + kṛ (to make/do)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, after knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Gerund, so indeclinable.

तयोः (tayoḥ) - Refers to conciliation and giving. (of the two, among them (dual))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/feminine/neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to `sāman` and `dāna`.

एकतरम् (ekataram) - Refers to either conciliation or giving. (one of the two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekatara

ekatara - one of the two, either

भजेत् (bhajet) - Should adopt or apply. (should resort to, should apply, should serve)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhaj

Optative Active, 3rd Person Singular

Root: bhaj (class 1)