महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-125, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
साम्ना वापि प्रदाने वा ज्यायः किं भवतो मतम् ।
प्रब्रूहि भरतश्रेष्ठ यदत्र व्यतिरिच्यते ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
sāmnā vāpi pradāne vā jyāyaḥ kiṁ bhavato matam ,
prabrūhi bharataśreṣṭha yadatra vyatiricyate.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca sāmnā vā api pradāne vā jyāyaḥ kim
bhavataḥ matam prabrūhi bharataśreṣṭha yat atra vyatiricyate

1. Yudhishthira said, "Among conciliation and giving gifts, which do you consider superior? O best of Bharatas, please tell me what is more excellent here."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• प्रदाने (pradāne) - by giving, in giving, in the act of giving

• वा (vā) - or

• ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - superior, better, greater

• किम् (kim) - what? which?

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your, of you (polite)

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, considered, thought

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - tell, declare

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• व्यतिरिच्यते (vyatiricyate) - excels, surpasses, stands out

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active, 3rd Person Singular

Irregular perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साम्ना (sāmnā) - by conciliation, by gentle means

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - conciliation, gentle means, song

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

प्रदाने (pradāne) - by giving, in giving, in the act of giving

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, offering, donation

From pra + dā (to give)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Can also be instrumental.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - superior, better, greater

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyāyas

jyāyas - superior, better, greater (comparative of praśasya/vrddha)

Comparative degree of 'good' or 'great'

किम् (kim) - what? which?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - your, of you (polite)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)

Second person pronoun, honorific

मतम् (matam) - opinion, considered, thought

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, considered; (ppp. of man) thought, believed

Past Passive Participle

From root man (to think), ppp.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'opinion'.

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of prabrū

Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular

From pra + brū (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree

यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

व्यतिरिच्यते (vyatiricyate) - excels, surpasses, stands out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vyatirik

Present Passive/Middle, 3rd Person Singular

From vi + ati + ric (to leave)

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Often used in middle voice for 'to exceed, excel'.