महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-94, verse-28

यस्तु निःश्रेयसं ज्ञात्वा ज्ञानं तत्प्रतिपद्यते ।
आत्मनो मतमुत्सृज्य तं लोकोऽनुविधीयते ॥२८॥

28. yastu niḥśreyasaṁ jñātvā jñānaṁ tatpratipadyate ,
ātmano matamutsṛjya taṁ loko'nuvidhīyate.

28. yaḥ tu niḥśreyasam jñātvā jñānam tat pratipadyate
ātmanaḥ matam utsṛjya tam lokaḥ anuvidhīyate

28. yaḥ tu niḥśreyasam jñātvā ātmanaḥ matam utsṛjya
tat jñānam pratipadyate tam lokaḥ anuvidhīyate

28. But the person who, understanding the ultimate good (niḥśreyasa), attains that knowledge, giving up his own preconceived notions (matam), is followed by the world.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (masculine singular nominative)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

• निःश्रेयसम् (niḥśreyasam) - ultimate good, supreme bliss, salvation, final liberation

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, understanding

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

• तत् (tat) - that, that (knowledge)

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - he attains, he understands, he practices

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, thought, belief

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having given up, having abandoned, having forsaken

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm

• अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - he is followed, he is conformed to, he is obeyed

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

relative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'pratipadyate'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes a contrast or continuation.

निःश्रेयसम् (niḥśreyasam) - ultimate good, supreme bliss, salvation, final liberation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niḥśreyasa

niḥśreyasa - ultimate good, supreme bliss, salvation, final liberation (mokṣa)

from niḥ (out) + śreyas (better, good)

Note: Object of 'jñātvā'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, understanding

(indeclinable)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'pratipadyate'.

तत् (tat) - that, that (knowledge)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'jñānam'.

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - he attains, he understands, he practices

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Verb for 'yaḥ'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind (ātman)

Note: Possessive, 'of oneself'.

मतम् (matam) - opinion, view, thought, belief

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, view, thought, belief, doctrine; considered, thought, intended

Past Passive Participle

from root man (to think), often used as a neuter noun.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having given up, having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) with prefix.

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the person described by 'yaḥ'. Object of 'anuvidhīyate'.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, common folk

Note: Subject of 'anuvidhīyate'.

अनुविधीयते (anuvidhīyate) - he is followed, he is conformed to, he is obeyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Verb for 'lokaḥ' regarding 'tam'.