महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-78, verse-31

येषां पुरोगमा विप्रा येषां ब्रह्मबलं बलम् ।
प्रियातिथ्यास्तथा दारास्ते वै स्वर्गजितो नराः ॥३१॥

31. yeṣāṁ purogamā viprā yeṣāṁ brahmabalaṁ balam ,
priyātithyāstathā dārāste vai svargajito narāḥ.

31. yeṣām puragamāḥ viprāḥ yeṣām brahmabalam balam
priyātithyāḥ tathā dārāḥ te vai svargajitaḥ narāḥ

31. yeṣām viprāḥ puragamāḥ,
yeṣām brahmabalam balam,
tathā yeṣām dārāḥ priyātithyāḥ,
te narāḥ vai svargajitaḥ.

31. Those men for whom Brahmins are the foremost, for whom spiritual (brahman) power is their strength, and whose wives are fond of guests – they indeed conquer heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, for whom, whose)

• पुरगमाः (puragamāḥ) - the foremost (going before, foremost, leading)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, learned ones, inspired ones)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, for whom, whose)

• ब्रह्मबलम् (brahmabalam) - spiritual (brahman) power (spiritual power, power of Brahman, Brahminical power)

• बलम् (balam) - strength (strength, power, force)

• प्रियातिथ्याः (priyātithyāḥ) - fond of guests (fond of guests, hospitable)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in the same way, and also)

• दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives (wives, spouses)

• ते (te) - they (they, those)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

• स्वर्गजितः (svargajitaḥ) - conquerors of heaven (conquerors of heaven, heaven-winning)

• नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, humans)

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, for whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

पुरगमाः (puragamāḥ) - the foremost (going before, foremost, leading)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puragama

puragama - going before, leading, preceded by

From puras (before) + gama (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (puras+gama)

• puras – before, in front, eastward, formerly
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, reaching
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with viprāḥ.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins (Brahmins, learned ones, inspired ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - inspired, wise, a sage, a Brahmin, a priest

From root vip (to tremble, to inspire)

Root: vip (class 1)

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (of whom, for whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

ब्रह्मबलम् (brahmabalam) - spiritual (brahman) power (spiritual power, power of Brahman, Brahminical power)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmabala

brahmabala - spiritual power, power of sacred knowledge, power of a Brahmin, strength of (brahman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+bala)

• brahman – ultimate reality, sacred utterance, spiritual power, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

बलम् (balam) - strength (strength, power, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

प्रियातिथ्याः (priyātithyāḥ) - fond of guests (fond of guests, hospitable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of priyātithya

priyātithya - fond of guests, hospitable, welcoming guests

From priya (dear) + atithya (relating to guests) / atithi (guest)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (priya+atithi)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, own
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)
• atithi – guest, stranger, visitor
  noun (masculine)
  Literally 'without a fixed tithi' (date)

Note: Agrees with dārāḥ.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in the same way, and also)

(indeclinable)

Adverb/Conjunction

दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives (wives, spouses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife, spouse

Usually used in the masculine plural form to refer to a wife.

ते (te) - they (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

स्वर्गजितः (svargajitaḥ) - conquerors of heaven (conquerors of heaven, heaven-winning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svargajit

svargajit - winning heaven, conqueror of heaven

From svarga (heaven) + jit (conquering)

Compound type : tatpurusha (svarga+jit)

• svarga – heaven, paradise, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victorious, a conqueror
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with narāḥ.

नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, humans)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person, male

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of the sentence.