महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-4

श्रान्तं भीतं भ्रष्टशस्त्रं रुदन्तं पराङ्मुखं परिबर्हैश्च हीनम् ।
अनुद्यतं रोगिणं याचमानं न वै हिंस्याद्बालवृद्धौ च राजन् ॥४॥

4. śrāntaṁ bhītaṁ bhraṣṭaśastraṁ rudantaṁ; parāṅmukhaṁ paribarhaiśca hīnam ,
anudyataṁ rogiṇaṁ yācamānaṁ; na vai hiṁsyādbālavṛddhau ca rājan.

4. śrāntam bhītam bhraṣṭaśastram
rudantam parāṅmukham paribarhaiḥ ca
hīnam anudyatam rogiṇam yācamānam
na vai hiṃsyāt bālavṛddhau ca rājan

4. rājan śrāntam bhītam bhraṣṭaśastram
rudantam parāṅmukham paribarhaiḥ
ca hīnam anudyatam rogiṇam
yācamānam ca bālavṛddhau na vai hiṃsyāt

4. O King, one should certainly not harm a person who is weary, frightened, has lost their weapons, is weeping, has turned away (fleeing), or is deprived of their equipment. Likewise, one should not harm someone who is unready to fight, sick, or begging, nor a child or an old person.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - weary, exhausted, tired

• भीतम् (bhītam) - afraid, frightened, terrified

• भ्रष्टशस्त्रम् (bhraṣṭaśastram) - whose weapons have fallen, with lost weapons

• रुदन्तम् (rudantam) - crying, weeping

• पराङ्मुखम् (parāṅmukham) - with face turned away, fleeing, averted

• परिबर्हैः (paribarhaiḥ) - by equipment, by possessions, by retinue

• च (ca) - and, also

• हीनम् (hīnam) - devoid of, deficient in, abandoned

• अनुद्यतम् (anudyatam) - not ready, unarmed, unprepared for battle

• रोगिणम् (rogiṇam) - sick, diseased, ill person

• याचमानम् (yācamānam) - begging, supplicating, requesting

• न (na) - not, no

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, certainly (particle)

• हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - should harm (used with 'na' to mean 'should not harm') (one should harm, may one harm)

• बालवृद्धौ (bālavṛddhau) - a child and an old person (dual)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

Words meanings and morphology

श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - weary, exhausted, tired

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - weary, exhausted, tired, rested

Past Passive Participle

root śram (to be weary) + kta (suffix)

Root: śram (class 4)

भीतम् (bhītam) - afraid, frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

root bhī (to fear) + kta (suffix)

Root: bhī (class 3)

भ्रष्टशस्त्रम् (bhraṣṭaśastram) - whose weapons have fallen, with lost weapons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhraṣṭaśastra

bhraṣṭaśastra - one whose weapons have fallen/are lost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhraṣṭa+śastra)

• bhraṣṭa – fallen, dropped, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root bhraś (to fall) + kta (suffix)
  Root: bhraś (class 1)
• śastra – weapon, instrument, tool
  noun (neuter)
  root śas (to cut) + tra (suffix)
  Root: śas (class 2)

रुदन्तम् (rudantam) - crying, weeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - crying, weeping, wailing

Present Active Participle

root rud (to cry) + śatṛ (suffix)

Root: rud (class 2)

पराङ्मुखम् (parāṅmukham) - with face turned away, fleeing, averted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - with face turned away, fleeing, averted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, averted, backward
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

परिबर्हैः (paribarhaiḥ) - by equipment, by possessions, by retinue

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paribarha

paribarha - equipment, retinue, appendages, possessions

root bṛh (to grow) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: bṛh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हीनम् (hīnam) - devoid of, deficient in, abandoned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - devoid of, deficient in, abandoned, inferior

Past Passive Participle

root hā (to abandon) + kta (suffix)

Root: hā (class 3)

अनुद्यतम् (anudyatam) - not ready, unarmed, unprepared for battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anudyata

anudyata - not ready, unarmed, unprepared for battle

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+udyata)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• udyata – ready, prepared, lifted, exerted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root yam (to restrain) with prefix ud- + kta (suffix)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

रोगिणम् (rogiṇam) - sick, diseased, ill person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rogin

rogin - sick, diseased, ill person

derived from roga (disease) + in (suffix)

याचमानम् (yācamānam) - begging, supplicating, requesting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yācamāna

yācamāna - begging, supplicating, requesting

Present Middle Participle

root yāc (to beg) + śānac (suffix)

Root: yāc (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - should harm (used with 'na' to mean 'should not harm') (one should harm, may one harm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hiṃs

Optative Active

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

बालवृद्धौ (bālavṛddhau) - a child and an old person (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bālavṛddha

bālavṛddha - a child and an old person

Compound type : dvandva (bāla+vṛddha)

• bāla – child, young, boy
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root vṛdh (to grow) + kta (suffix)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler