महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-11

आयुषि क्षयमापन्ने पञ्चत्वमुपगच्छति ।
नाकारणात्तद्भवति कारणैरुपपादितम् ॥११॥

11. āyuṣi kṣayamāpanne pañcatvamupagacchati ,
nākāraṇāttadbhavati kāraṇairupapāditam.

11. āyuṣi kṣayam āpanne pañcatvam upagacchati
na akāraṇāt tat bhavati kāraṇaiḥ upapāditam

11. āyuṣi kṣayam āpanne (sati) (jīvaḥ) pañcatvam upagacchati
tat akāraṇāt na bhavati (kintu) kāraṇaiḥ upapāditam

11. When life (āyus) has reached its decay, one attains dissolution (pañcatva). This does not occur without a cause; rather, it is brought about by specific causes.

Words meanings summery:

• आयुषि (āyuṣi) - when life (in life, regarding life, in a lifetime)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - end or decline (of life) (decay, diminution, end, destruction, loss)

• आपन्ने (āpanne) - when it has attained, referring to 'āyuṣi' (having attained, having reached, occurred, come upon)

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - dissolution into the five elements, euphemism for death (five-fold nature, the state of five, dissolution into the five elements, death)

• उपगच्छति (upagacchati) - one attains (death) (attains, reaches, approaches, undergoes)

• न (na) - not, no

• अकारणात् (akāraṇāt) - without cause, causelessly, from no cause

• तत् (tat) - that (dissolution/death) (that, it)

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, happens, occurs

• कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by specific causes (e.g. karmic) (by causes, by reasons, by motives)

• उपपादितम् (upapāditam) - is brought about (caused, brought about, established, effected, supplied)

Words meanings and morphology

आयुषि (āyuṣi) - when life (in life, regarding life, in a lifetime)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, duration of life, age

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - end or decline (of life) (decay, diminution, end, destruction, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decay, diminution, end, destruction, loss, decline

action noun

From root √kṣi (to decay, destroy)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

आपन्ने (āpanne) - when it has attained, referring to 'āyuṣi' (having attained, having reached, occurred, come upon)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, come to, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From root √āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Matches 'āyuṣi' in gender, number, and case, implying 'when decay has been reached in life'.

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - dissolution into the five elements, euphemism for death (five-fold nature, the state of five, dissolution into the five elements, death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - five-fold nature, the state of five, dissolution into the five elements, death

Abstract noun formed from pañca (five) + suffix -tva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañca+tva)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• tva – state, condition, -ness, -hood
  suffix (neuter)

उपगच्छति (upagacchati) - one attains (death) (attains, reaches, approaches, undergoes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upagacch

Present Active Indicative

From root √gam (to go) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अकारणात् (akāraṇāt) - without cause, causelessly, from no cause

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - causeless, without cause, groundless

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of a- (not) + kāraṇa (cause)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  prefix
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ana
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that (dissolution/death) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, happens, occurs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Active Indicative

From root √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by specific causes (e.g. karmic) (by causes, by reasons, by motives)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive

action noun

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उपपादितम् (upapāditam) - is brought about (caused, brought about, established, effected, supplied)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapādita

upapādita - caused, brought about, established, effected, supplied

Past Passive Participle

From root √pad (to go, fall) in causative sense with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Matches 'tat' and implied subject 'it' (pañcatvam) in gender, number, and case.