महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-20

द्विविधानां च भूतानां जङ्गमाः परमा नृप ।
जङ्गमानामपि तथा द्विपदाः परमा मताः ।
द्विपदानामपि तथा द्विजा वै परमाः स्मृताः ॥२०॥

20. dvividhānāṁ ca bhūtānāṁ jaṅgamāḥ paramā nṛpa ,
jaṅgamānāmapi tathā dvipadāḥ paramā matāḥ ,
dvipadānāmapi tathā dvijā vai paramāḥ smṛtāḥ.

20. dvividhānām ca bhūtānām jaṅgamāḥ
paramāḥ nṛpa jaṅgamānām api tathā
dvipadāḥ paramāḥ matāḥ dvipadānām
api tathā dvijāḥ vai paramāḥ smṛtāḥ

20. nṛpa dvividhānām bhūtānām ca jaṅgamāḥ
paramāḥ tathā jaṅgamānām api
dvipadāḥ paramāḥ matāḥ tathā dvipadānām
api dvijāḥ vai paramāḥ smṛtāḥ

20. O King, among the two types of beings (mobile and immobile), the mobile ones are supreme. Similarly, among the mobile beings, those with two feet are considered supreme. Likewise, among those with two feet, the twice-born (dvijāḥ) are indeed declared supreme.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विविधानाम् (dvividhānām) - of two kinds, twofold

• च (ca) - and, also

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• जङ्गमाः (jaṅgamāḥ) - mobile ones, moving beings

• परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

• जङ्गमानाम् (jaṅgamānām) - of mobile beings, among mobile beings

• अपि (api) - also, even

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

• द्विपदाः (dvipadāḥ) - two-footed ones

• परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

• मताः (matāḥ) - considered, thought, esteemed

• द्विपदानाम् (dvipadānām) - of two-footed ones, among two-footed ones

• अपि (api) - also, even

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (dvijāḥ) (the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, declared, considered

Words meanings and morphology

द्विविधानाम् (dvividhānām) - of two kinds, twofold

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of dvividha

dvividha - of two kinds, twofold

Compound of dvi (two) and vidha (kind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+vidha)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā (to place, arrange)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies `bhūtānām`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an enclitic, often placed after the word it connects.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive of partition, 'among beings'.

जङ्गमाः (jaṅgamāḥ) - mobile ones, moving beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaṅgama

jaṅgama - moving, mobile, animated; a mobile creature

Intensive form from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to 'mobile beings'.

परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, superior

Note: Qualifies `jaṅgamāḥ`.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

जङ्गमानाम् (jaṅgamānām) - of mobile beings, among mobile beings

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jaṅgama

jaṅgama - moving, mobile, animated; a mobile creature

Intensive form from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Genitive of partition, 'among mobile ones'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates continuation of a similar comparison.

द्विपदाः (dvipadāḥ) - two-footed ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvipada

dvipada - two-footed, biped; a biped (e.g., human, bird)

Compound of dvi (two) and pada (foot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pada – foot, step, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers mainly to humans, but can also include birds.

परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, superior

Note: Qualifies `dvipadāḥ`.

मताः (matāḥ) - considered, thought, esteemed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mata

mata - thought, considered, esteemed, intended

Past Passive Participle

From root man (to think, believe)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with an implied verb 'are'.

द्विपदानाम् (dvipadānām) - of two-footed ones, among two-footed ones

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvipada

dvipada - two-footed, biped; a biped

Compound of dvi (two) and pada (foot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pada – foot, step, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Genitive of partition, 'among two-footed ones'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates continuation of a similar comparison.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the twice-born (dvijāḥ) (the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (refers to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas who undergo upanayana; also bird, tooth, snake)

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent Noun/Suffix
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In this context, it refers to the three upper classes (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas) who undergo the sacred thread ceremony.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, superior

Note: Qualifies `dvijāḥ`.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, declared, considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, traditional, declared, known

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with an implied verb 'are'.