महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-33

कथं न विप्रणश्येम योनितोऽस्या इति प्रभो ।
कुर्वन्ति धर्मं मनुजाः श्रुतिप्रामाण्यदर्शनात् ॥३३॥

33. kathaṁ na vipraṇaśyema yonito'syā iti prabho ,
kurvanti dharmaṁ manujāḥ śrutiprāmāṇyadarśanāt.

33. katham na vipraṇaśyema yonitaḥ asyāḥ iti prabho
kurvanti dharmam manujāḥ śrutiprāmāṇyadarśanāt

33. prabho asyāḥ yonitaḥ katham na vipraṇaśyema iti
manujāḥ śrutiprāmāṇyadarśanāt dharmam kurvanti

33. "How can we not utterly perish from this cycle of birth (yoni)?" -- Thinking thus, O Lord, humans practice their natural law (dharma) because they perceive the authority of the scriptures (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• न (na) - not

• विप्रणश्येम (vipraṇaśyema) - may we not utterly perish, should we not be completely destroyed

• योनितः (yonitaḥ) - from this cycle of birth (referring to saṃsāra) (from birth, from the origin, from the womb)

• अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of this, from this (feminine singular)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks a quote or thought)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)

• मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - humans, human beings

• श्रुतिप्रामाण्यदर्शनात् (śrutiprāmāṇyadarśanāt) - from perceiving the authority of scripture, from seeing the validity of the Vedas

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

विप्रणश्येम (vipraṇaśyema) - may we not utterly perish, should we not be completely destroyed

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vipraṇaśyema

Optative 1st person plural

Optative mood, 1st person plural, active voice from root 'naś' (to perish, be destroyed) with upasargas 'vi' and 'pra'. 'Pra' causes cerebralization (ṇ) to 'naś'.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: naś (class 4)

योनितः (yonitaḥ) - from this cycle of birth (referring to saṃsāra) (from birth, from the origin, from the womb)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, birth, species

From root 'yu' (to join). Ablative suffix '-tas' added to 'yoni' (feminine).

Root: yu (class 2)

Note: The ablative suffix -tas is used here.

अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of this, from this (feminine singular)

(pronoun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Feminine genitive/ablative singular of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam' (this). Here, ablative agreeing with 'yonitaḥ'.

Note: Agrees with 'yonitaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark the end of direct speech, a thought, or a list.

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty

Vocative singular of 'prabhu' (masculine).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Indicative 3rd person plural

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'kṛ' (class 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support), masculine noun.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

मनुजाः (manujāḥ) - humans, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuja

manuja - human being, man

Derived from 'manu' (man) and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manu+ja)

• manu – man, human, primeval man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

श्रुतिप्रामाण्यदर्शनात् (śrutiprāmāṇyadarśanāt) - from perceiving the authority of scripture, from seeing the validity of the Vedas

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śrutiprāmāṇyadarśana

śrutiprāmāṇyadarśana - perception of the authority of scripture

Compound meaning 'from the seeing (darśana) of the authoritativeness (prāmāṇya) of the scriptures (śruti)'. Ablative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śruti+prāmāṇya+darśana)

• śruti – scripture, Veda, hearing
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'śru' (to hear), referring to revealed texts.
  Root: śru (class 5)
• prāmāṇya – authority, validity, trustworthiness
  noun (neuter)
  Abstract noun from 'pramāṇa' (authority, proof).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• darśana – seeing, perception, doctrine, philosophy
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun from root 'dṛś'
  Action noun from root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)