महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-31

उपभोगैरपि त्यक्तं नात्मानमवसादयेत् ।
चण्डालत्वेऽपि मानुष्यं सर्वथा तात दुर्लभम् ॥३१॥

31. upabhogairapi tyaktaṁ nātmānamavasādayet ,
caṇḍālatve'pi mānuṣyaṁ sarvathā tāta durlabham.

31. upabhogaiḥ api tyaktam na ātmānam avasādayet
caṇḍālatve api mānuṣyam sarvathā tāta durlabham

31. upabhogaiḥ api tyaktam ātmānam na avasādayet
tāta caṇḍālatve api mānuṣyam sarvathā durlabham

31. Even if forsaken by worldly enjoyments, one should not deject oneself (ātman). O dear one, human birth (mānuṣyam) is indeed exceedingly rare, even in the state of an outcast.

Words meanings summery:

• उपभोगैः (upabhogaiḥ) - by enjoyments, by experiences, by consumption

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, given up

• न (na) - not, no

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self, the soul (ātman)

• अवसादयेत् (avasādayet) - should deject, should depress, should cause to sink

• चण्डालत्वे (caṇḍālatve) - in the state of an outcast, in the condition of a Caṇḍāla

• अपि (api) - even, also

• मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - humanity, human birth, human nature

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - by all means, entirely, always

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son (term of endearment)

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare, difficult to obtain

Words meanings and morphology

उपभोगैः (upabhogaiḥ) - by enjoyments, by experiences, by consumption

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upabhoga

upabhoga - enjoyment, experience, consumption, use

From root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat) with upasarga 'upa' (near, secondary).

Prefix: upa

Root: bhuj (class 7)

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, given up

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, left

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root 'tyaj' (to abandon, forsake).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject (e.g., 'a person').

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following verb.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self, the soul (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'avasādayet'.

अवसादयेत् (avasādayet) - should deject, should depress, should cause to sink

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of avasādayet

Optative 3rd person singular (causative)

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice. Causative from root 'sad' (to sink, sit) with upasarga 'ava' (down). Causative stem 'sādaya'.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

चण्डालत्वे (caṇḍālatve) - in the state of an outcast, in the condition of a Caṇḍāla

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of caṇḍālatva

caṇḍālatva - the state or condition of a Caṇḍāla (outcast)

Derived from 'caṇḍāla' (outcast) with suffix '-tva' forming an abstract noun.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

मानुष्यम् (mānuṣyam) - humanity, human birth, human nature

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mānuṣya

mānuṣya - humanity, human nature, human birth

Derived from 'manuṣya' (human) with suffix '-ya' indicating a state or quality.

Note: Subject of the second clause.

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - by all means, entirely, always

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'sarva' (all).

Note: Emphasizes the rarity.

तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son (term of endearment)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son (vocative form used as an address of affection)

Vocative form often used affectionately for son or subordinate, or even by a son to a father.

Note: An address of affection, similar to 'my child' or 'my dear'.

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare, difficult to obtain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, unattainable

Compound of 'dur' (difficult, bad) and 'labha' (obtainable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+labha)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• labha – obtainable, gain, acquisition
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'labh'
  From root 'labh' (to obtain, gain) forming an adjective.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'mānuṣyam'.