महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-22

जातमन्वेति मरणं नृणामिति विनिश्चयः ।
अन्तवन्ति हि कर्माणि सेवन्ते गुणतः प्रजाः ॥२२॥

22. jātamanveti maraṇaṁ nṛṇāmiti viniścayaḥ ,
antavanti hi karmāṇi sevante guṇataḥ prajāḥ.

22. jātam anveti maraṇam nṛṇām iti viniścayaḥ
antavanti hi karmāṇi sevante guṇataḥ prajāḥ

22. nṛṇām jātam maraṇam anveti iti viniścayaḥ
hi prajāḥ guṇataḥ antavanti karmāṇi sevante

22. It is a certain truth that death follows for all beings who are born among humans. Indeed, living beings engage in actions (karma) that are finite, motivated by their inherent qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• जातम् (jātam) - one who is born (a living being) (born, produced; a created being)

• अन्वेति (anveti) - follows, inevitably comes after (follows, goes after, conforms to)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of human beings)

• इति (iti) - thus, this is (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or quotation)

• विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - a certainty, a firm conclusion (certainty, determination, firm resolve)

• अन्तवन्ति (antavanti) - having an end, finite (having an end, finite, perishable)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for, because)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, works (karma))

• सेवन्ते (sevante) - they engage in, they practice (they serve, they resort to, they practice, they engage in)

• गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - according to (their inherent) qualities (according to qualities, by virtue of qualities, due to attributes)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, creatures (creatures, progeny, subjects, people)

Words meanings and morphology

जातम् (jātam) - one who is born (a living being) (born, produced; a created being)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, generated, grown, become; a created being, offspring

Past Passive Participle

From root √jan (to be born) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular of jāta used to mean 'that which is born'.

अन्वेति (anveti) - follows, inevitably comes after (follows, goes after, conforms to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anveti

Present Active Indicative

From prefix anu + root √i (to go)

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, the act of dying

From root √mṛ (to die) + ana suffix

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of anveti.

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of human beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, person, human being

Note: Expresses possession or relation to jātam.

इति (iti) - thus, this is (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - a certainty, a firm conclusion (certainty, determination, firm resolve)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - certain conclusion, firm determination, ascertainment, resolve

From vi + ni + √ci (to gather, observe) + aya suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Predicate noun to an implied 'this is'.

अन्तवन्ति (antavanti) - having an end, finite (having an end, finite, perishable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of antavat

antavat - having an end, finite, perishable, temporary

From anta (end) + vat (possessive suffix)

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, works (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate, consequence of actions

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

सेवन्ते (sevante) - they engage in, they practice (they serve, they resort to, they practice, they engage in)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Middle Indicative

From root √sev (to serve)

Root: sev (class 1)

गुणतः (guṇataḥ) - according to (their inherent) qualities (according to qualities, by virtue of qualities, due to attributes)

(indeclinable)

From guṇa (quality) + tas (adverbial suffix meaning 'from' or 'by reason of')

Note: Refers to the qualities (guṇa) of prakṛti that motivate actions.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings, creatures (creatures, progeny, subjects, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creatures, people, subjects

From pra + √jan (to be born) + ā suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)