महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-286, verse-23

आपन्ने तूत्तरां काष्ठां सूर्ये यो निधनं व्रजेत् ।
नक्षत्रे च मुहूर्ते च पुण्ये राजन्स पुण्यकृत् ॥२३॥

23. āpanne tūttarāṁ kāṣṭhāṁ sūrye yo nidhanaṁ vrajet ,
nakṣatre ca muhūrte ca puṇye rājansa puṇyakṛt.

23. āpanne tu uttarām kāṣṭhām sūrye yaḥ nidhanam vrajet
nakṣatre ca muhūrte ca puṇye rājan saḥ puṇyakṛt

23. rājan yaḥ sūrye uttarām kāṣṭhām āpanne nakṣatre
ca muhūrte ca puṇye nidhanam vrajet saḥ puṇyakṛt

23. O King, that person is a doer of meritorious deeds who meets their end when the sun has reached its ultimate northern course, and at an auspicious constellation and moment.

Words meanings summery:

• आपन्ने (āpanne) - having reached, having attained (referring to the sun's state) (having attained, reached; fallen into)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (emphasizing the condition) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern, ultimate, highest (northern, upper, subsequent, excellent, supreme)

• काष्ठाम् (kāṣṭhām) - direction, point (ultimate course) (direction, quarter of the sky, highest point, limit)

• सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun (is in that state) (in the sun, when the sun)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which (relative pronoun))

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, end (death, destruction, end, deposit)

• व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he meets, he goes to (death) (he should go, he might go, he would go)

• नक्षत्रे (nakṣatre) - in an (auspicious) constellation (in a constellation, in an asterism)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मुहूर्ते (muhūrte) - in a moment (auspicious time) (in a moment, in an instant, a specific division of time (48 minutes))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुण्ये (puṇye) - in an auspicious (constellation and moment) (in auspicious, meritorious, sacred)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

• पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - performer of merit (performer of meritorious deeds, virtuous)

Words meanings and morphology

आपन्ने (āpanne) - having reached, having attained (referring to the sun's state) (having attained, reached; fallen into)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, obtained, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

From ā + √pad (to go, fall) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed (emphasizing the condition) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern, ultimate, highest (northern, upper, subsequent, excellent, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, superior, chief, ultimate

From ud (up) + tara (comparative suffix), indicating a direction or superiority.

काष्ठाम् (kāṣṭhām) - direction, point (ultimate course) (direction, quarter of the sky, highest point, limit)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhā

kāṣṭhā - quarter of the sky, direction, point of the compass, limit, highest degree, ultimate state

Note: Refers to the sun's ultimate northern course (Uttarāyaṇa).

सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun (is in that state) (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun god

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of vrajet.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, end (death, destruction, end, deposit)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, conclusion, deposit

From ni + √dhā (to place) + ana suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he meets, he goes to (death) (he should go, he might go, he would go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vraj

Optative Active

From root √vraj (to go)

Root: vraj (class 1)

नक्षत्रे (nakṣatre) - in an (auspicious) constellation (in a constellation, in an asterism)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, asterism, lunar mansion

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects nakṣatre and muhūrte.

मुहूर्ते (muhūrte) - in a moment (auspicious time) (in a moment, in an instant, a specific division of time (48 minutes))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, an instant, a division of time (about 48 minutes), an auspicious moment

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पुण्ये (puṇye) - in an auspicious (constellation and moment) (in auspicious, meritorious, sacred)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - auspicious, sacred, holy, pure, meritorious, virtuous; merit, virtue

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - performer of merit (performer of meritorious deeds, virtuous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyakṛt

puṇyakṛt - one who performs virtuous deeds, meritorious, virtuous

Compound of puṇya (merit) + kṛt (doer, from √kṛ, to do)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṇya+kṛt)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, auspicious, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doer, maker, performing
  participle (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root √kṛ (to do) + kvip suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate noun.