महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-278, verse-5

न याति च स तेजस्वी मध्येन नभसः कथम् ।
एतदिच्छामि विज्ञातुं निखिलेन पितामह ॥५॥

5. na yāti ca sa tejasvī madhyena nabhasaḥ katham ,
etadicchāmi vijñātuṁ nikhilena pitāmaha.

5. na yāti ca saḥ tejasvī madhyena nabhasaḥ katham
etat icchāmi vijñātum nikhilena pitāmaha

5. he pitāmaha,
saḥ tejasvī ca katham nabhasaḥ madhyena na yāti? etat nikhilena vijñātum icchāmi.

5. And why does that radiant one not move through the middle of the sky? O Grandfather, I wish to know all this completely.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• याति (yāti) - goes, moves, proceeds

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - radiant, glorious, energetic

• मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, by means of the middle

• नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - of the sky, from the sky

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• एतत् (etat) - this

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand, to comprehend

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, fully

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (implied from Mahabharata context) or to Brahma as a general honorific. (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

याति (yāti) - goes, moves, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - radiant, glorious, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, brilliant, glorious, energetic, powerful

मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, by means of the middle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central; center, middle part

नभसः (nabhasaḥ) - of the sky, from the sky

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, cloud, space

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

विज्ञातुम् (vijñātum) - to know, to understand, to comprehend

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb root jñā with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, fully

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nikhila

nikhila - whole, entire, complete; without remainder

Note: Used adverbially here.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (implied from Mahabharata context) or to Brahma as a general honorific. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather; a name for Brahmā