महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-278, verse-23

उदतिष्ठत्तपस्तप्त्वा दुश्चरं स महाह्रदात् ।
ततो देवातिदेवस्तं ब्रह्मा समुपसर्पत ॥२३॥

23. udatiṣṭhattapastaptvā duścaraṁ sa mahāhradāt ,
tato devātidevastaṁ brahmā samupasarpata.

23. udatiṣṭhat tapaḥ taptvā duścaram saḥ mahāhradāt
tataḥ devātidevaḥ tam brahmā samupasarpat

23. saḥ duścaram tapaḥ taptvā mahāhradāt udatiṣṭhat
tataḥ devātidevaḥ brahmā tam samupasarpat

23. Having performed severe penance (tapas), he (Uśanā) rose up from the great lake. Then, Brahmā, the God of gods, approached him.

Words meanings summery:

• उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - he rose up (he rose up, stood up)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (having performed penance, having heated)

• दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - severe (penance) (difficult to perform, hard to accomplish, severe)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Uśanā) (he, that)

• महाह्रदात् (mahāhradāt) - from the great lake (from the great lake/deep pool)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• देवातिदेवः (devātidevaḥ) - God of gods (God of gods, supreme deity)

• तम् (tam) - him (Uśanā) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator deity))

• समुपसर्पत् (samupasarpat) - approached (approached, went near)

Words meanings and morphology

उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - he rose up (he rose up, stood up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √sthā

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √sthā with upasarga ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat

From √tap (to heat, to perform penance)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of taptvā.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (having performed penance, having heated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Functions as a verbal adverb.

दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - severe (penance) (difficult to perform, hard to accomplish, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - difficult to perform, hard to accomplish, severe

Compound: dur (difficult) + cara (to be performed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+cara)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness. Also dus before unvoiced consonants.
• cara – going, moving, to be performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)
  Derived from √car (to move, to perform) with suffix -a
  Root: car (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Uśanā) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

महाह्रदात् (mahāhradāt) - from the great lake (from the great lake/deep pool)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mahāhrada

mahāhrada - great lake, deep pool

Compound: mahā (great) + hrada (lake, pool)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+hrada)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• hrada – lake, pool, deep part of a river
  noun (masculine)
  From √hrad (to roar, sound)
  Root: hrad (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad

देवातिदेवः (devātidevaḥ) - God of gods (God of gods, supreme deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devātideva

devātideva - God of gods, supreme deity

Compound: deva (god) + ati (beyond, surpassing) + deva (god)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+atideva)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• atideva – supreme god, surpassing god
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: ati (beyond, surpassing) + deva (god)

Note: Refers to Brahmā.

तम् (tam) - him (Uśanā) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Uśanā.

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the deity), creator, priest

Masculine -an stem, nominative singular, refers to the deity.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

समुपसर्पत् (samupasarpat) - approached (approached, went near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √sṛp

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √sṛp with upasargas sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sṛp (class 1)