महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-278, verse-24

तपोवृद्धिमपृच्छच्च कुशलं चैनमव्ययम् ।
तपः सुचीर्णमिति च प्रोवाच वृषभध्वजः ॥२४॥

24. tapovṛddhimapṛcchacca kuśalaṁ cainamavyayam ,
tapaḥ sucīrṇamiti ca provāca vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ.

24. tapasavṛddhim apṛcchat ca kuśalam ca enam avyayam
| tapaḥ sucīrṇam iti ca provāca vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ

24. ca enam avyayam kuśalam tapasavṛddhim apṛcchat
ca vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ ca iti tapaḥ sucīrṇam provāca

24. He (Shiva) inquired about the growth of his asceticism (tapas) and also about his immutable well-being. And Shiva, identified by the bull on his banner, declared, "Your asceticism (tapas) has been performed excellently."

Words meanings summery:

• तपसवृद्धिम् (tapasavṛddhim) - growth in asceticism, increase in austerity

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, inquired

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - welfare, well-being, health, prosperity

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - immutable, imperishable, eternal, unchangeable

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, austerity

• सुचीर्णम् (sucīrṇam) - well-performed, properly executed, excellently practiced

• इति (iti) - thus, so, this (introduces direct speech)

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - said, spoke, declared

• वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - Shiva (having a bull as his banner (an epithet of Shiva))

Words meanings and morphology

तपसवृद्धिम् (tapasavṛddhim) - growth in asceticism, increase in austerity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tapasavṛddhi

tapasavṛddhi - growth in asceticism, increase in austerity

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vṛddhi)

• tapas – asceticism, austerity, religious penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  From root tap (to heat, to perform penance)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, development
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'apṛcchat'.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked, inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pṛcch

From root √prach (to ask). The 'r' becomes 'ṛ' in the pṛcch stem.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Preceded by 'a-' for past tense.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - welfare, well-being, health, prosperity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skillful, clever, expert; welfare, well-being, health

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'.

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - immutable, imperishable, eternal, unchangeable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, eternal, unchangeable; indeclinable word

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyaya – expenditure, loss, decay, change, perishable
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + root i (to go)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kuśalam'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, austerity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, austerity, religious penance, heat

From root tap (to heat, to perform penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

सुचीर्णम् (sucīrṇam) - well-performed, properly executed, excellently practiced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sucīrṇa

sucīrṇa - well-performed, properly executed, excellently practiced

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + root car (to perform, practice) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+cīrṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix
• cīrṇa – performed, practiced, undergone
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root car (to perform, practice) + kta
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, this (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - said, spoke, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pravac

From pra (forth) + root vac (to speak). Perfect tense form.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - Shiva (having a bull as his banner (an epithet of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabhadhvaja

vṛṣabhadhvaja - one whose banner is a bull (an epithet of Shiva, sometimes of Kama)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛṣabha+dhvaja)

• vṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'provāca'.