महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-278, verse-22

भीष्म उवाच ।
पुरा सोऽन्तर्जलगतः स्थाणुभूतो महाव्रतः ।
वर्षाणामभवद्राजन्प्रयुतान्यर्बुदानि च ॥२२॥

22. bhīṣma uvāca ,
purā so'ntarjalagataḥ sthāṇubhūto mahāvrataḥ ,
varṣāṇāmabhavadrājanprayutānyarbudāni ca.

22. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca purā saḥ antarjalagataḥ sthāṇubhūtaḥ
mahāvrataḥ varṣāṇām abhavat rājan prayutāni arbudāni ca

22. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan purā saḥ mahāvrataḥ antarjalagataḥ
sthāṇubhūtaḥ varṣāṇām prayutāni ca arbudāni abhavat

22. Bhīṣma said: 'Formerly, O King, that Uśanā, who undertook a great vow (mahāvrata), became like a motionless pillar, submerged in water, and remained so for millions and hundreds of millions of years.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Uśanā) (he, that)

• अन्तर्जलगतः (antarjalagataḥ) - submerged in water (submerged in water, gone into water)

• स्थाणुभूतः (sthāṇubhūtaḥ) - having become like a motionless pillar (having become like a pillar, motionless)

• महाव्रतः (mahāvrataḥ) - who undertook a great vow (mahāvrata) (having a great vow, great asceticism)

• वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years (of years, rainy seasons)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - remained (became for a duration) (became, was, existed)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• प्रयुतानि (prayutāni) - millions (of years) (millions (ten lakhs))

• अर्बुदानि (arbudāni) - hundreds of millions (of years) (hundreds of millions (ten crores))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible, Bhīṣma

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Uśanā) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

अन्तर्जलगतः (antarjalagataḥ) - submerged in water (submerged in water, gone into water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarjalagata

antarjalagata - submerged in water, gone into water

Compound: antar (within) + jala (water) + gata (gone)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+jala+gata)

• antar – within, among
  indeclinable
  Preposition/adverb
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jal (class 1)
• gata – gone, moved, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Uśanā).

स्थाणुभूतः (sthāṇubhūtaḥ) - having become like a motionless pillar (having become like a pillar, motionless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthāṇubhūta

sthāṇubhūta - become like a pillar, motionless

Compound: sthāṇu (pillar) + bhūta (become)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthāṇu+bhūta)

• sthāṇu – pillar, trunk of a tree, immoveable, Śiva
  noun (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• bhūta – become, been, was
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Uśanā).

महाव्रतः (mahāvrataḥ) - who undertook a great vow (mahāvrata) (having a great vow, great asceticism)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - great vow, great asceticism

Compound: mahā (great) + vrata (vow, religious observance)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vrata)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)
  From √vṛ (to choose, resolve)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Uśanā).

वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years (of years, rainy seasons)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - remained (became for a duration) (became, was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √bhū

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

प्रयुतानि (prayutāni) - millions (of years) (millions (ten lakhs))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of prayuta

prayuta - ten lakhs (one million), connected, joined

Formed from pra- + √yu (to join)

Prefix: pra

Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with varṣāṇi (implied varṣāṇām quantity).

अर्बुदानि (arbudāni) - hundreds of millions (of years) (hundreds of millions (ten crores))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of arbuda

arbuda - a large number, ten crores (a hundred million), serpent

Note: Agrees with varṣāṇi (implied varṣāṇām quantity).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)