महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-262, verse-31

स्यूमरश्मिरुवाच ।
ये भुञ्जते ये ददते यजन्तेऽधीयते च ये ।
मात्राभिर्धर्मलब्धाभिर्ये वा त्यागं समाश्रिताः ॥३१॥

31. syūmaraśmiruvāca ,
ye bhuñjate ye dadate yajante'dhīyate ca ye ,
mātrābhirdharmalabdhābhirye vā tyāgaṁ samāśritāḥ.

31. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca ye bhuñjate ye dadate yajante adhīyate
ca ye mātrābhiḥ dharmalabdhābhiḥ ye vā tyāgam samāśritāḥ

31. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca ye bhuñjate,
ye dadate,
ye yajante ca,
ye adhīyate,
vā ye dharmalabdhābhiḥ mātrābhiḥ tyāgam samāśritāḥ

31. Syūmaraśmi said: "Those who partake [of pleasures], those who give [donations (dāna)], those who perform Vedic rituals (yajña), and those who study [Vedas]; or those who have embraced renunciation (tyāga) through means acquired in accordance with natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syūmaraśmi (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they partake of (the fruits of actions or pleasures) (they enjoy, they eat, they experience)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• ददते (dadate) - they give donations (dāna) (they give, they grant)

• यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform Vedic rituals (yajña) (they perform Vedic rituals, they worship)

• अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study sacred texts (they study, they learn, they recite)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• मात्राभिः (mātrābhiḥ) - by means or resources (by measures, by portions, by means)

• धर्मलब्धाभिः (dharmalabdhābhiḥ) - by resources righteously obtained (by means acquired through natural law (dharma))

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• वा (vā) - or, either

• त्यागम् (tyāgam) - the act of giving up, self-sacrifice (tyāga) (renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice)

• समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - adopted the path of, taken refuge in (resorted to, taken refuge in, adopted, followed)

Words meanings and morphology

स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syūmaraśmi (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of syūmaraśmi

syūmaraśmi - Name of a sage or speaker

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (syūma+raśmi)

• syūma – thread, chord, line
  noun (neuter)
• raśmi – ray, rein, cord
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (class 2); 3rd person singular, perfect tense; irregular formation

Root: vac (class 2)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the people performing the actions.

भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they partake of (the fruits of actions or pleasures) (they enjoy, they eat, they experience)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present Middle

Root bhuj (class 7); 3rd person plural, present tense; Ātmanepada (middle voice)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

ददते (dadate) - they give donations (dāna) (they give, they grant)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Middle

Root dā (class 3); 3rd person plural, present tense; Ātmanepada (middle voice)

Root: dā (class 3)

यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform Vedic rituals (yajña) (they perform Vedic rituals, they worship)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yaj

Present Middle

Root yaj (class 1); 3rd person plural, present tense; Ātmanepada (middle voice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study sacred texts (they study, they learn, they recite)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of i

Present Middle

Root i (class 2) with prefix adhi; 3rd person plural, present tense; Ātmanepada (middle voice)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

मात्राभिः (mātrābhiḥ) - by means or resources (by measures, by portions, by means)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of mātrā

mātrā - measure, quantity, portion, means, substance

From root mā- to measure

Root: mā (class 3)

धर्मलब्धाभिः (dharmalabdhābhiḥ) - by resources righteously obtained (by means acquired through natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of dharmalabdha

dharmalabdha - acquired through natural law (dharma), righteously obtained

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+labdha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ- to uphold, support
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• labdha – obtained, acquired, gained
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root labh- to obtain, with suffix -ta.
  Root: labh (class 1)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the group of active participants with renunciants.

त्यागम् (tyāgam) - the act of giving up, self-sacrifice (tyāga) (renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - renunciation (tyāga), abandonment, sacrifice, leaving

From root tyaj- to abandon

Root: tyaj (class 1)

समाश्रिताः (samāśritāḥ) - adopted the path of, taken refuge in (resorted to, taken refuge in, adopted, followed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, adopted, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (class 1) with prefixes sam + ā; + ta suffix

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers back to `ye`.