महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-262, verse-28

स सिद्धैः साध्यते नित्यं ब्राह्मणैर्नियतात्मभिः ।
संतोषमूलस्त्यागात्मा ज्ञानाधिष्ठानमुच्यते ॥२८॥

28. sa siddhaiḥ sādhyate nityaṁ brāhmaṇairniyatātmabhiḥ ,
saṁtoṣamūlastyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānamucyate.

28. saḥ siddhaiḥ sādhyate nityam brāhmaṇaiḥ niyatātmabhiḥ
saṃtoṣamūlaḥ tyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānam ucyate

28. saḥ siddhaiḥ niyatātmabhiḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ nityam sādhyate
saḥ saṃtoṣamūlaḥ tyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānam ucyate

28. That (natural law) is constantly practiced by perfected Brahmins who have disciplined their intrinsic nature (ātman). It is declared to have contentment as its root, to be characterized by renunciation, and to be founded upon true knowledge (jñāna).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• सिद्धैः (siddhaiḥ) - by perfected ones, by accomplished ones

• साध्यते (sādhyate) - is achieved, is practiced, is perfected

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins

• नियतात्मभिः (niyatātmabhiḥ) - by those who have disciplined their intrinsic nature (ātman) (by those with controlled selves/minds, disciplined individuals)

• संतोषमूलः (saṁtoṣamūlaḥ) - having contentment as its root/foundation

• त्यागात्मा (tyāgātmā) - whose nature is renunciation, characterized by renunciation

• ज्ञानाधिष्ठानम् (jñānādhiṣṭhānam) - founded upon true knowledge (jñāna) (based on knowledge, supported by knowledge)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Subject of `sādhyate` and `ucyate`.

सिद्धैः (siddhaiḥ) - by perfected ones, by accomplished ones

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, successful, a perfected being (siddha)

Past Passive Participle

From root `sidh` (to accomplish) + `kta` suffix.

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb `sādhyate`.

साध्यते (sādhyate) - is achieved, is practiced, is perfected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sādh

Present, 3rd person singular, passive voice

From root `sādh` (to accomplish, effect), denominative or causal form + `ya` passive suffix.

Root: sādh (class 4)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of accusative singular neuter adjective.

Note: Adverbial.

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, relating to Brahman, one who knows Brahman

Note: Parallel to `siddhaiḥ`.

नियतात्मभिः (niyatātmabhiḥ) - by those who have disciplined their intrinsic nature (ātman) (by those with controlled selves/minds, disciplined individuals)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niyatātman

niyatātman - one with a disciplined self/mind, self-controlled

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+ātman)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ni` (down, in) + root `yam` (to control, restrain) + `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, mind, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)

संतोषमूलः (saṁtoṣamūlaḥ) - having contentment as its root/foundation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtoṣamūla

saṁtoṣamūla - having contentment as its root/foundation, based on contentment

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃtoṣa+mūla)

• saṃtoṣa – contentment, satisfaction
  noun (masculine)
  From `sam` (together, completely) + root `tuṣ` (to be pleased) + `ghañ` suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective.

त्यागात्मा (tyāgātmā) - whose nature is renunciation, characterized by renunciation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāgātman

tyāgātman - one whose nature is renunciation, essentially renunciatory

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyāga+ātman)

• tyāga – renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  From root `tyaj` (to abandon, forsake) + `ghañ` suffix.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• ātman – self, nature, soul, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective.

ज्ञानाधिष्ठानम् (jñānādhiṣṭhānam) - founded upon true knowledge (jñāna) (based on knowledge, supported by knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñānādhiṣṭhāna

jñānādhiṣṭhāna - basis of knowledge, foundation of knowledge, supported by knowledge

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jñāna+adhiṣṭhāna)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root `jñā` (to know) + `ana` suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• adhiṣṭhāna – basis, foundation, seat, support, abode
  noun (neuter)
  From `adhi` (upon) + root `sthā` (to stand) + `ana` suffix.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate of `ucyate`.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Passive form of root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)