महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-260, verse-7

तां नियुक्तामदीनात्मा सत्त्वस्थः समये रतः ।
ज्ञानवान्नियताहारो ददर्श कपिलस्तदा ॥७॥

7. tāṁ niyuktāmadīnātmā sattvasthaḥ samaye rataḥ ,
jñānavānniyatāhāro dadarśa kapilastadā.

7. tām niyuktām adīnātmā sattvasthaḥ samaye rataḥ
jñānavān niyatāhāraḥ dadarśa kapilaḥ tadā

7. tadā adīnātmā sattvasthaḥ samaye rataḥ jñānavān
niyatāhāraḥ kapilaḥ tām niyuktām dadarśa

7. That Kapila, then, with an undaunted spirit, established in goodness (sattva), diligent in his duties, full of spiritual knowledge, and disciplined in his diet, saw her (the cow).

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to the cow mentioned in the previous verse. (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• नियुक्ताम् (niyuktām) - (the cow) appointed (perhaps for a specific purpose or ritual) (appointed, engaged, employed)

• अदीनात्मा (adīnātmā) - Describes Kapila as having a noble and courageous disposition. (with an unmean spirit, undaunted in spirit, noble-minded)

• सत्त्वस्थः (sattvasthaḥ) - Refers to Kapila abiding in the quality of goodness (sattva), which is a state of purity and serenity. (established in goodness, firm in virtue)

• समये (samaye) - Refers to Kapila being diligent or absorbed in his spiritual duties or observances. (in his duty, at the proper time, in his engagement)

• रतः (rataḥ) - Refers to Kapila being devoted or diligent in his 'samaye' (duties/observances). (devoted, engaged, diligent, pleased)

• ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - possessed of knowledge, wise

• नियताहारः (niyatāhāraḥ) - regulated in diet, abstemious

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• कपिलः (kapilaḥ) - Kapila

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Refers to the cow mentioned in the previous verse. (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

नियुक्ताम् (niyuktām) - (the cow) appointed (perhaps for a specific purpose or ritual) (appointed, engaged, employed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, engaged, enjoined, attached

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ni' + root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke, to appoint)

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

अदीनात्मा (adīnātmā) - Describes Kapila as having a noble and courageous disposition. (with an unmean spirit, undaunted in spirit, noble-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adīnātman

adīnātman - undaunted in spirit, noble-minded, not mean-spirited

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'a' (not) + 'dīna' (humble, mean, distressed) + 'ātman' (self, spirit). One whose spirit is not mean.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dīna+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dīna – humble, mean, distressed, poor
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: dī
• ātman – self, spirit, soul, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilaḥ'.

सत्त्वस्थः (sattvasthaḥ) - Refers to Kapila abiding in the quality of goodness (sattva), which is a state of purity and serenity. (established in goodness, firm in virtue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvastha

sattvastha - abiding in goodness (sattva), firm in virtue, situated in reality

Compound meaning 'one who stands/abides (stha) in sattva'.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (sattva+stha)

• sattva – goodness, purity, essence, reality, existence; one of the three guṇas
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilaḥ'.

समये (samaye) - Refers to Kapila being diligent or absorbed in his spiritual duties or observances. (in his duty, at the proper time, in his engagement)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, time, religious obligation, duty, engagement

From prefix 'sam' + root 'i' (to go) + suffix 'ac'

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

रतः (rataḥ) - Refers to Kapila being devoted or diligent in his 'samaye' (duties/observances). (devoted, engaged, diligent, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted, engaged, attached to, pleased with

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight, to rest)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilaḥ'.

ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - possessed of knowledge, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānavat

jñānavat - possessed of knowledge, wise, intelligent

Formed from 'jñāna' (knowledge) with the possessive suffix '-vat'

Note: Agrees with 'kapilaḥ'.

नियताहारः (niyatāhāraḥ) - regulated in diet, abstemious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāhāra

niyatāhāra - regulated in diet, having restrained food, abstemious

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'niyata' (restrained) + 'āhāra' (food, diet). One whose food/diet is restrained.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+āhāra)

• niyata – regulated, restrained, fixed, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'ni' + root 'yam' (to restrain, to control)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking, collection
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'ā' + root 'hṛ' (to take)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kapilaḥ'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Active Indicative

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कपिलः (kapilaḥ) - Kapila

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - Kapila (a revered sage, founder of Samkhya philosophy); reddish-brown

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) with suffix '-dā'