महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-260, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
उभौ धर्मौ महाभागावुभौ परमदुश्चरौ ।
उभौ महाफलौ तात सद्भिराचरितावुभौ ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ubhau dharmau mahābhāgāvubhau paramaduścarau ,
ubhau mahāphalau tāta sadbhirācaritāvubhau.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ubhau dharmau mahābhāgau ubhau paramaduścarau
ubhau mahāphalau tāta sadbhiḥ ācaritau ubhau

3. tāta! bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ubhau dharmau mahābhāgau,
ubhau paramaduścarau,
ubhau ca mahāphalau,
ubhau sadbhiḥ ācaritau (stau).

3. Bhishma said: O dear one, both these ways of life (dharma) are greatly auspicious, both are extremely difficult to perform, and both lead to great rewards. Furthermore, both have been practiced by the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder, the speaker. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

• उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas (householder and renunciation). (both)

• धर्मौ (dharmau) - both the householder's (dharma) and renunciation (dharma). (both natural laws, both duties)

• महाभागौ (mahābhāgau) - both dharmas are highly esteemed or auspicious. (both greatly fortunate, both highly esteemed, both greatly glorious)

• उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas. (both)

• परमदुश्चरौ (paramaduścarau) - both dharmas are very arduous to follow. (both extremely difficult to perform/practice)

• उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas. (both)

• महाफलौ (mahāphalau) - both dharmas lead to significant positive outcomes. (both yielding great results, both having great fruit)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (affectionate address by Bhishma to Yudhishthira). (dear one, father, son)

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - practiced by those who are virtuous and wise. (by the good, by the virtuous, by the noble)

• आचरितौ (ācaritau) - both ways of life have been practiced. (both practiced, both followed, both performed)

• उभौ (ubhau) - emphasizing that both dharmas have been practiced by the good. (both)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder, the speaker. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, Bhishma (proper noun)

From root bhī (to fear) + kṣma suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Root: vac (class 2)

उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas (householder and renunciation). (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Only used in dual.

धर्मौ (dharmau) - both the householder's (dharma) and renunciation (dharma). (both natural laws, both duties)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain) + man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Dual form for 'both dharmas'.

महाभागौ (mahābhāgau) - both dharmas are highly esteemed or auspicious. (both greatly fortunate, both highly esteemed, both greatly glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, highly esteemed, glorious, blessed

Compound of mahā (great) + bhāga (share, fortune).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhāga – share, fortune, lot, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhaj (to divide, to share).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmau'.

उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas. (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Only used in dual.

परमदुश्चरौ (paramaduścarau) - both dharmas are very arduous to follow. (both extremely difficult to perform/practice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of paramaduścara

paramaduścara - extremely difficult to perform, very arduous

Compound of parama (supreme, extreme) + duścara (difficult to perform).

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+duścara)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• duścara – difficult to perform or practice, arduous
  adjective (masculine)
  From dus (bad, difficult) + car (to move, perform).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmau'.

उभौ (ubhau) - referring to both dharmas. (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Only used in dual.

महाफलौ (mahāphalau) - both dharmas lead to significant positive outcomes. (both yielding great results, both having great fruit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāphala

mahāphala - yielding great results, bearing great fruit

Compound of mahā (great) + phala (fruit, result).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+phala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmau'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (affectionate address by Bhishma to Yudhishthira). (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment, usually vocative)

Note: Term of address from an elder to a younger person.

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - practiced by those who are virtuous and wise. (by the good, by the virtuous, by the noble)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to virtuous people.

आचरितौ (ācaritau) - both ways of life have been practiced. (both practiced, both followed, both performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ācarita

ācarita - practiced, performed, observed, accustomed

Past Passive Participle

From ā + root car (to move, perform).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

उभौ (ubhau) - emphasizing that both dharmas have been practiced by the good. (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Only used in dual.