महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-260, verse-5

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
कपिलस्य गोश्च संवादं तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥

5. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
kapilasya gośca saṁvādaṁ tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.

5. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
kapilasya goḥ ca saṃvādam tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira

5. yudhiṣṭhira atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
kapilasya goḥ ca saṃvādam udāharanti tat nibodha

5. Here, they also relate this ancient narrative (itihāsa) – the dialogue between Kapila and a cow. O Yudhishthira, understand that.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite, they declare

• इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, narrative, legend

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• कपिलस्य (kapilasya) - of Kapila

• गोः (goḥ) - of a cow

• च (ca) - and

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter accusative singular)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn, know

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present Active Indicative

From prefix 'ud' + root 'hṛ' (to carry, to bring), with lengthening of 'a' to 'ā'

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, narrative, legend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, narrative, legend, traditional account

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

Formed with suffix '-tana' indicating time or age

कपिलस्य (kapilasya) - of Kapila

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - Kapila (a revered sage, founder of Samkhya philosophy); reddish-brown

गोः (goḥ) - of a cow

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox; earth; ray of light; speech, word

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - dialogue, conversation, concord, agreement

From prefix 'sam' + root 'vad' (to speak)

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (neuter accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn, know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Active

From prefix 'ni' + root 'budh' (to know, to awaken)

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)