महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-260, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अविरोधेन भूतानां त्यागः षाड्गुण्यकारकः ।
यः स्यादुभयभाग्धर्मस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
avirodhena bhūtānāṁ tyāgaḥ ṣāḍguṇyakārakaḥ ,
yaḥ syādubhayabhāgdharmastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca avirodhena bhūtānām tyāgaḥ ṣāḍguṇyakārakaḥ
yaḥ syāt ubhayabhāk dharmaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. pitāmaha! yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhūtānām avirodhena ṣāḍguṇyakārakaḥ yaḥ tyāgaḥ syāt,
ubhayabhāk dharmaḥ tat me brūhi.

1. Yudhishthira said: O Grandfather, please explain to me that principle (dharma) which involves renunciation (tyāga) without causing harm to living beings, yet also embodies the six royal policies, thereby partaking of both these aspects.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother, the speaker. (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said. (said, spoke)

• अविरोधेन (avirodhena) - without causing harm or conflict to living beings. (without opposition, without conflict, without harm)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - pertaining to living beings. (of living beings, of creatures, of elements)

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, specifically of worldly attachments or actions. (renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice)

• षाड्गुण्यकारकः (ṣāḍguṇyakārakaḥ) - leading to or embodying the six traditional policies of statecraft (peace, war, marching, halting, seeking protection, duality). (causing the six qualities/attributes, leading to the six policies)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (referring to dharma). (who, which, what)

• स्यात् (syāt) - which would be (expressing possibility or desirability). (may be, would be, should be)

• उभयभाक् (ubhayabhāk) - participating in both renunciation and the six royal policies. (partaking of both, participating in both)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - The principle or natural law (dharma) that encompasses both renunciation and effective statecraft. (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the principle Yudhishthira wants to know about). (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - tell me. (to me, for me)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (imperative). (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhishma). (grandfather, great-father)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother, the speaker. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, Yudhishthira

Compound of yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhishthira said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Root: vac (class 2)

अविरोधेन (avirodhena) - without causing harm or conflict to living beings. (without opposition, without conflict, without harm)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avirodha

avirodha - non-opposition, absence of conflict, non-violence

Negative prefix 'a' + 'virodha' (opposition).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+virodha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• virodha – opposition, conflict, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + rudh.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - pertaining to living beings. (of living beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, having become

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to all living creatures.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, specifically of worldly attachments or actions. (renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - renunciation, abandonment, giving up, sacrifice

From root tyaj (to abandon, to give up) + suffix ghañ.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

षाड्गुण्यकारकः (ṣāḍguṇyakārakaḥ) - leading to or embodying the six traditional policies of statecraft (peace, war, marching, halting, seeking protection, duality). (causing the six qualities/attributes, leading to the six policies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣāḍguṇyakāraka

ṣāḍguṇyakāraka - causing the six qualities/attributes, producing the six expedients/policies

Compound of ṣāḍguṇya (six qualities/policies) + kāraka (causing/making).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṣāḍguṇya+kāraka)

• ṣāḍguṇya – the six qualities, the six policies of statecraft
  noun (neuter)
  From ṣaṭ (six) + guṇa (quality).
• kāraka – causing, making, performing, agent
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix ṇvul (aka).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - which (referring to dharma). (who, which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

स्यात् (syāt) - which would be (expressing possibility or desirability). (may be, would be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

Root: as (class 2)

उभयभाक् (ubhayabhāk) - participating in both renunciation and the six royal policies. (partaking of both, participating in both)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ubhayabhāj

ubhayabhāj - partaking of both, sharing in both

Compound of ubhaya (both) + bhāj (sharing, participating).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ubhaya+bhāj)

• ubhaya – both
  pronoun
• bhāj – sharing, partaking, participating
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhaj (to share, to participate).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the dharma.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - The principle or natural law (dharma) that encompasses both renunciation and effective statecraft. (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain) + man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the principle Yudhishthira wants to know about). (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Used here as the object of 'brūhi'.

मे (me) - tell me. (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Here used in dative sense (to me).

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (imperative). (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhishma). (grandfather, great-father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great-father (a respectful address)

Compound of pitṛ (father) + maha (great).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, distinguished
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Bhishma.