महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-203, verse-5

कुतश्चाहं कुतश्च त्वं तत्सम्यग्ब्रूहि यत्परम् ।
कथं च सर्वभूतेषु समेषु द्विजसत्तम ।
सम्यग्वृत्ता निवर्तन्ते विपरीताः क्षयोदयाः ॥५॥

5. kutaścāhaṁ kutaśca tvaṁ tatsamyagbrūhi yatparam ,
kathaṁ ca sarvabhūteṣu sameṣu dvijasattama ,
samyagvṛttā nivartante viparītāḥ kṣayodayāḥ.

5. kutaḥ ca aham kutaḥ ca tvam tat samyak
brūhi yat param katham ca
sarvabhūteṣu sameṣu dvijasattama samyakvṛttāḥ
nivartante viparītāḥ kṣayodayāḥ

5. dvijasattama aham kutaḥ ca tvam kutaḥ
ca yat param tat samyak brūhi ca
katham sarvabhūteṣu sameṣu samyakvṛttāḥ
nivartante viparītāḥ kṣayodayāḥ

5. O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), tell me clearly what is supreme (param): from where do I originate, and from where do you? And how is it that among all beings, which are equal, righteous conduct (samyakvṛttāḥ) ceases, while its opposite, subject to decline and rise (kṣayodayāḥ), persists?

Words meanings summery:

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तत् (tat) - that (truth) (that)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - clearly (properly, clearly, truly, completely)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

• यत् (yat) - what (is supreme) (which, what, that)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings (in all beings, among all creatures)

• समेषु (sameṣu) - among (beings who are) equal (in equal (ones), among equal (ones))

• द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama) (O best among the twice-born)

• सम्यक्वृत्ताः (samyakvṛttāḥ) - righteous conduct / deeds (well-behaved, righteous (plural))

• निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they cease (they cease, they turn back, they desist)

• विपरीताः (viparītāḥ) - its opposite (contrary, opposite, perverse (plural))

• क्षयोदयाः (kṣayodayāḥ) - decline and rise (decline and rise, decay and origin (plural))

Words meanings and morphology

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

derived from interrogative pronoun kim

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

derived from interrogative pronoun kim

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

तत् (tat) - that (truth) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सम्यक् (samyak) - clearly (properly, clearly, truly, completely)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

यत् (yat) - what (is supreme) (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

derived from interrogative pronoun kim

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings (in all beings, among all creatures)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

समेषु (sameṣu) - among (beings who are) equal (in equal (ones), among equal (ones))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of sama

sama - equal, same, like, even, impartial

Note: Agrees with sarvabhūteṣu

द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama) (O best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  dvi (two) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama

सम्यक्वृत्ताः (samyakvṛttāḥ) - righteous conduct / deeds (well-behaved, righteous (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samyakvṛtta

samyakvṛtta - well-behaved, of right conduct, righteous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (samyak+vṛtta)

• samyak – properly, clearly, truly
  indeclinable
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añc (class 1)
• vṛtta – behaved, occurred, conduct, circular
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to behave)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to things/actions that are righteous

निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they cease (they cease, they turn back, they desist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of nivṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

विपरीताः (viparītāḥ) - its opposite (contrary, opposite, perverse (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viparīta

viparīta - contrary, opposite, reversed, perverse

Past Passive Participle

from vi-pari-i

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to things/actions that are contrary or perverse.

क्षयोदयाः (kṣayodayāḥ) - decline and rise (decline and rise, decay and origin (plural))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣayodaya

kṣayodaya - decline and rise, decay and origin, destruction and production

Compound type : dvandva (kṣaya+udaya)

• kṣaya – decline, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṣi (to decay)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• udaya – rise, origin, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  from ud-i (to rise)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)