महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-203, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
संवादं मोक्षसंयुक्तं शिष्यस्य गुरुणा सह ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
saṁvādaṁ mokṣasaṁyuktaṁ śiṣyasya guruṇā saha.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam saṃvādam mokṣasaṃyuktam śiṣyasya guruṇā saha

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
mokṣasaṃyuktam saṃvādam śiṣyasya guruṇā saha udāharanti

2. Bhīṣma said: 'Regarding this (topic), they also narrate this ancient story (itihāsa)—a dialogue concerning liberation (mokṣa) between a disciple and a teacher (guru).'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अत्र (atra) - regarding this (topic) (here, in this matter, regarding this)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (they cite, they mention, they relate)

• इमम् (imam) - this (this (masculine accusative singular))

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative, story (itihāsa))

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old)

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue (dialogue, conversation)

• मोक्षसंयुक्तम् (mokṣasaṁyuktam) - related to liberation (mokṣa) (connected with liberation, related to liberation)

• शिष्यस्य (śiṣyasya) - of a disciple (of the disciple)

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - with a teacher (guru) (by the guru, with the guru)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, Bhīṣma

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - regarding this (topic) (here, in this matter, regarding this)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (they cite, they mention, they relate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present Active

3rd person plural Present active of root hṛ with upasarga ud-ā

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'itihāsam' and 'saṃvādam'.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative, story (itihāsa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, narrative, story, epic poem

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

Note: Agrees with 'itihāsam' and 'saṃvādam'.

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue (dialogue, conversation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - dialogue, conversation, agreement

from root vad with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'itihāsam'.

मोक्षसंयुक्तम् (mokṣasaṁyuktam) - related to liberation (mokṣa) (connected with liberation, related to liberation)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mokṣasaṃyukta

mokṣasaṁyukta - connected with liberation, related to liberation

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root yuj with upasarga sam

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mokṣa+saṃyukta)

• mokṣa – liberation, emancipation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• saṃyukta – joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  P.P.P. of root yuj with upasarga sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃvādam'.

शिष्यस्य (śiṣyasya) - of a disciple (of the disciple)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

lit. 'one to be taught', from root śās (to teach)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Indicates possession or relationship with the dialogue.

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - with a teacher (guru) (by the guru, with the guru)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case ('guruṇā').