महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-203, verse-38

सोऽत्र वेदयते वेद्यं स शृणोति स पश्यति ।
कारणं तस्य देहोऽयं स कर्ता सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥३८॥

38. so'tra vedayate vedyaṁ sa śṛṇoti sa paśyati ,
kāraṇaṁ tasya deho'yaṁ sa kartā sarvakarmaṇām.

38. saḥ atra vedayate vedyam saḥ śṛṇoti saḥ paśyati
kāraṇam tasya dehaḥ ayam saḥ kartā sarvakarmaṇām

38. saḥ atra vedyam vedayate saḥ śṛṇoti saḥ paśyati
ayam dehaḥ tasya kāraṇam saḥ sarvakarmaṇām kartā

38. It is he (the self/ātman) who here knows the knowable, he hears, and he sees. This body is the instrument for that (self), and he is the doer of all actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

• अत्र (atra) - In this body, in this material existence. (here, in this place)

• वेदयते (vedayate) - He perceives the knowable. (knows, perceives, makes known)

• वेद्यम् (vedyam) - what is to be known, knowable, object of knowledge

• सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

• शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - hears, listens

• सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The body serves as an instrument or means for the self's activities. (cause, reason, instrument, means)

• तस्य (tasya) - Of that self (ātman) or puruṣa. (his, its, of him/it)

• देहः (dehaḥ) - The physical embodiment of the self. (body, physical form)

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the current body. (this, this one)

• सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

• कर्ता (kartā) - The self as the ultimate agent of actions. (doer, agent, creator)

• सर्वकर्मणाम् (sarvakarmaṇām) - of all actions (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अत्र (atra) - In this body, in this material existence. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

वेदयते (vedayate) - He perceives the knowable. (knows, perceives, makes known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, middle (ātmanepada) voice, causative stem

Causative of root 'vid' (to know), present tense, 3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: vid (class 2)

वेद्यम् (vedyam) - what is to be known, knowable, object of knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vedya

vedya - to be known, knowable, object of knowledge

Gerundive

From root 'vid' (to know) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vedayate'.

सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - hears, listens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

Present tense, active voice

Root 'śru' (to hear), present tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: śru (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, active voice (from a substituted stem)

Root 'dṛś' (to see), with the present stem 'paśya', 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The body serves as an instrument or means for the self's activities. (cause, reason, instrument, means)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive, means

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative.

तस्य (tasya) - Of that self (ātman) or puruṣa. (his, its, of him/it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'kāraṇam'.

देहः (dehaḥ) - The physical embodiment of the self. (body, physical form)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, physical form, mass

From root 'dih' (to smear, heap up).

Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the current body. (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Qualifies 'dehaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - The individual self (ātman) or puruṣa. (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कर्ता (kartā) - The self as the ultimate agent of actions. (doer, agent, creator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator, author

Agent noun

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative.

सर्वकर्मणाम् (sarvakarmaṇām) - of all actions (karma)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvakarman

sarvakarman - all actions, all works (karma)

Compound of 'sarva' (all) + 'karman' (action).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+karman)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix '-man'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'kartā'.