महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-203, verse-31

विद्यात्तु षोडशैतानि दैवतानि विभागशः ।
देहेषु ज्ञानकर्तारमुपासीनमुपासते ॥३१॥

31. vidyāttu ṣoḍaśaitāni daivatāni vibhāgaśaḥ ,
deheṣu jñānakartāramupāsīnamupāsate.

31. vidyāt tu ṣoḍaśa etāni daivatāni vibhāgaśaḥ
deheṣu jñānakartāram upāsīnam upāsate

31. tu etāni ṣoḍaśa daivatāni vibhāgaśaḥ vidyāt
deheṣu (tāni) jñānakartāram upāsīnam upāsate

31. Indeed, one should know these sixteen divinities individually. In various bodies, they serve the agent of knowledge (ātman) who is seated [within].

Words meanings summery:

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• तु (tu) - Emphasizes the statement. (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• षोडश (ṣoḍaśa) - Refers to the sum of the ten indriyas (5 sense, 5 action) and the six (5 sense objects + mind/citta). (sixteen)

• एतानि (etāni) - Refers to the items being discussed (indriyas, sense objects, mind, citta). (these)

• दैवतानि (daivatāni) - The controlling powers or principles behind the senses and mind. (divinities, deities)

• विभागशः (vibhāgaśaḥ) - Each of the sixteen divinities should be understood separately. (in divisions, severally, individually)

• देहेषु (deheṣu) - Refers to various living beings or physical forms. (in bodies, among bodies)

• ज्ञानकर्तारम् (jñānakartāram) - Refers to the individual soul (ātman) or the Supreme Self. (the knower, the agent of knowledge)

• उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - Seated within the body, referring to the nature of the ātman. (seated near, meditating, worshipping)

• उपासते (upāsate) - The sixteen divinities/senses serve the ātman. (they serve, they attend upon, they worship)

Words meanings and morphology

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

तु (tu) - Emphasizes the statement. (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

षोडश (ṣoḍaśa) - Refers to the sum of the ten indriyas (5 sense, 5 action) and the six (5 sense objects + mind/citta). (sixteen)

(numeral)

एतानि (etāni) - Refers to the items being discussed (indriyas, sense objects, mind, citta). (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

दैवतानि (daivatāni) - The controlling powers or principles behind the senses and mind. (divinities, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of daivata

daivata - divinity, deity, divine power, belonging to a deity

From deva (god) + ta (suffix)

Root: div (class 4)

विभागशः (vibhāgaśaḥ) - Each of the sixteen divinities should be understood separately. (in divisions, severally, individually)

(indeclinable)

From vibhāga (division) + śas (adverbial suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

देहेषु (deheṣu) - Refers to various living beings or physical forms. (in bodies, among bodies)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deha

deha - body, form, person, incarnation

From root dih (to smear, grow)

Root: dih (class 2)

ज्ञानकर्तारम् (jñānakartāram) - Refers to the individual soul (ātman) or the Supreme Self. (the knower, the agent of knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñānakartṛ

jñānakartṛ - agent of knowledge, the knower, one who creates knowledge

Tatpuruṣa compound of jñāna (knowledge) and kartṛ (doer, agent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+kartṛ)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā (to know) + ana (suffix)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• kartṛ – doer, agent, creator
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do) + tṛ (suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the ātman.

उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - Seated within the body, referring to the nature of the ātman. (seated near, meditating, worshipping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - seated near, attending, worshipping, meditating, residing

Present Middle Participle

From upasarga upa + root ās (to sit) + śāna (suffix)

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

उपासते (upāsate) - The sixteen divinities/senses serve the ātman. (they serve, they attend upon, they worship)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice

From upasarga upa + root ās (to sit)

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)