महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-203, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
योगं मे परमं तात मोक्षस्य वद भारत ।
तमहं तत्त्वतो ज्ञातुमिच्छामि वदतां वर ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yogaṁ me paramaṁ tāta mokṣasya vada bhārata ,
tamahaṁ tattvato jñātumicchāmi vadatāṁ vara.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yogam me paramam tāta mokṣasya vada
bhārata tam aham tattvataḥ jñātum icchāmi vadatām vara

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta bhārata vadatām vara me mokṣasya
paramam yogam vada aham tat tattvataḥ jñātum icchāmi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O dear one (tāta), O Bhārata, tell me about the supreme discipline (yoga) for liberation (mokṣa). I wish to know that in its true essence, O best among speakers.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• योगम् (yogam) - discipline (yoga) (union, discipline, spiritual practice, means)

• मे (me) - for me, about (to me, for me, my)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

• मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - for liberation (mokṣa) (of liberation, for liberation)

• वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to yoga) (that (masculine accusative singular))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true essence (in truth, truly, essentially, from the essence)

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of speakers, among those who speak)

• वर (vara) - O best (excellent, best, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

योगम् (yogam) - discipline (yoga) (union, discipline, spiritual practice, means)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, discipline, spiritual practice, means, conjunction

from root yuj (to join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

मे (me) - for me, about (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Alternate forms for dative/genitive singular of asmad.

परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'yogam'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son (term of endearment, often used respectfully for elders or affectionately for juniors)

Note: Used for Bhīṣma by Yudhiṣṭhira.

मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - for liberation (mokṣa) (of liberation, for liberation)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, emancipation, freedom, release

from root muc (to release)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Implies 'related to' or 'leading to' liberation.

वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Active

2nd person singular Imperative active of root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian, a name of India

Note: Here, used as a vocative for Bhīṣma.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to yoga) (that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'yogam'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true essence (in truth, truly, essentially, from the essence)

(indeclinable)

suff. -tas indicating 'from' or 'in the manner of'

Note: Derived from 'tattva' (truth, essence).

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know (to know, to understand)

(verb)

active, infinitive of jñā

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

1st person singular Present active of root iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of speakers, among those who speak)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural of Present Active Participle of root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used in a compound like 'vadatāṃ vara' (best of speakers).

वर (vara) - O best (excellent, best, boon)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, husband

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with an implied 'you' (Bhīṣma).