महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-125, verse-31

आशावान्पुरुषो यः स्यादन्तरिक्षमथापि वा ।
किं नु ज्यायस्तरं लोके महत्त्वात्प्रतिभाति वः ।
एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन श्रोतुं किमिह दुर्लभम् ॥३१॥

31. āśāvānpuruṣo yaḥ syādantarikṣamathāpi vā ,
kiṁ nu jyāyastaraṁ loke mahattvātpratibhāti vaḥ ,
etadicchāmi tattvena śrotuṁ kimiha durlabham.

31. āśāvān puruṣaḥ yaḥ syāt antarikṣam
atha api vā kim nu jyāyastaram loke
mahatvāt pratibhāti vaḥ etat icchāmi
tattvena śrotum kim iha durlabham

31. yaḥ puruṣaḥ āśāvān syāt atha api vā
antarikṣam kim nu loke mahatvāt
jyāyastaram vaḥ pratibhāti aham etat
tattvena śrotum icchāmi kim iha durlabham

31. Whether it be a hopeful person, or even space (antarikṣa), what, pray, appears to you in this world to be greater than (mere) magnitude (mahatva)? I wish to hear this truly: what is difficult to obtain (durlabham) here?

Words meanings summery:

• आशावान् (āśāvān) - hopeful (full of hope, hopeful)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person (person, man, male, the Supreme Being)

• यः (yaḥ) - who/which (in 'whether it be') (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be (in 'whether it be') (may be, might be, should be, let it be)

• अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - space (antarikṣa) (sky, atmosphere, space, intermediate region)

• अथ (atha) - or (then, now, moreover, and, or)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too, and, though)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• नु (nu) - pray (indeed, pray, now, then (interrogative particle))

• ज्यायस्तरम् (jyāyastaram) - greater (greater, superior, better)

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

• महत्वात् (mahatvāt) - than magnitude (mahatva) (from greatness, due to magnitude/immensity, than greatness)

• प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (appears, shines forth, occurs to, is evident)

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (to you, of you, your (plural))

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the answer for the previous question) (this, this one)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly (truly, in reality, essentially, by the truth)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, to listen)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this case)

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain (durlabham) (difficult to obtain, rare, hard to find)

Words meanings and morphology

आशावान् (āśāvān) - hopeful (full of hope, hopeful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśāvat

āśāvat - hopeful, desirous, full of hope

from āśā (hope) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person (person, man, male, the Supreme Being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

यः (yaḥ) - who/which (in 'whether it be') (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Forms a correlative clause.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be (in 'whether it be') (may be, might be, should be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative/potential (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Singular

Root: as (class 2)

अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - space (antarikṣa) (sky, atmosphere, space, intermediate region)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - sky, atmosphere, space, intermediate region (antarikṣa)

Note: Another item in the 'whether it be' list.

अथ (atha) - or (then, now, moreover, and, or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects options.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too, and, though)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'jyāyastaram' and 'pratibhāti'.

नु (nu) - pray (indeed, pray, now, then (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the question.

ज्यायस्तरम् (jyāyastaram) - greater (greater, superior, better)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyāyastara

jyāyastara - greater, superior, better, older

Comparative degree of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kim'.

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, region, people, folk

महत्वात् (mahatvāt) - than magnitude (mahatva) (from greatness, due to magnitude/immensity, than greatness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahatva

mahatva - greatness, magnitude, importance (mahatva)

from mahat (great) + -tva (abstract noun suffix)

Note: Used with comparative 'jyāyastaram' for 'than'.

प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (appears, shines forth, occurs to, is evident)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratibhā

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Singular

Prefix: prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - to you (to you, of you, your (plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Dative (to you) or Genitive (of you/your). Dative fits 'appears to you'.

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the answer for the previous question) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Object of 'icchāmi'.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 1st Singular

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly (truly, in reality, essentially, by the truth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Adverbial use of instrumental.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, to listen)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of śru

Infinitive

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Purpose of desiring.

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'durlabham'.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative sense.

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain (durlabham) (difficult to obtain, rare, hard to find)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, hard to find (durlabham)

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from dus- (bad, difficult) + √labh (to obtain)

Compound type : praadi (dur+labha)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• labha – getting, obtaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle stem
  from √labh
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kim'.