महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-125, verse-28

न राजलक्षणत्यागो न पुरस्य तपोधनाः ।
दुःखं करोति तत्तीव्रं यथाशा विहता मम ॥२८॥

28. na rājalakṣaṇatyāgo na purasya tapodhanāḥ ,
duḥkhaṁ karoti tattīvraṁ yathāśā vihatā mama.

28. na rājalakṣaṇatyāgaḥ na purasya tapodhanāḥ
duḥkham karoti tat tīvram yathā āśā vihatā mama

28. tapodhanāḥ rājalakṣaṇatyāgaḥ na purasya na
duḥkham karoti tat tīvram yathā mama āśā vihatā

28. O ascetics (tapodhanāḥ), neither the renunciation of royal insignia nor the abandonment of the city causes me such intense sorrow as the frustration of my hope.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• राजलक्षणत्यागः (rājalakṣaṇatyāgaḥ) - abandonment of royal insignia/marks

• पुरस्य (purasya) - of the city, of the fort

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - Addressing the sages in the hermitage. (O ascetics, O those whose wealth is asceticism (tapas))

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• करोति (karoti) - causes (sorrow) (does, makes, causes)

• तत् (tat) - such (intense sorrow) (that, such)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, sharp, severe

• यथा (yathā) - as (conjunction for comparison) (as, just as, in what manner)

• आशा (āśā) - hope, desire

• विहता (vihatā) - frustrated, thwarted, destroyed

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

राजलक्षणत्यागः (rājalakṣaṇatyāgaḥ) - abandonment of royal insignia/marks

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājalakṣaṇatyāga

rājalakṣaṇatyāga - abandonment of royal insignia, renunciation of kingship

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājalakṣaṇa+tyāga)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, insignia
  noun (neuter)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  from root tyaj (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb (causes sorrow).

पुरस्य (purasya) - of the city, of the fort

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress, capital

Note: Implied genitive with `tyāgaḥ` (abandonment of the city).

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - Addressing the sages in the hermitage. (O ascetics, O those whose wealth is asceticism (tapas))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism (tapas), an ascetic, a sage

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as an address.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Object of `karoti`.

करोति (karoti) - causes (sorrow) (does, makes, causes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is `tyāgaḥ` or `āśā vihatā`.

तत् (tat) - such (intense sorrow) (that, such)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `duḥkham`.

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense, sharp, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, sharp, severe, vehement

Note: Agrees with `duḥkham`.

यथा (yathā) - as (conjunction for comparison) (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparative clause.

आशा (āśā) - hope, desire

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, desire, expectation

Note: Subject of `vihatā`.

विहता (vihatā) - frustrated, thwarted, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihata

vihata - frustrated, thwarted, destroyed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `āśā`.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive.