महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-125, verse-18

ततो गव्यूतिमात्रेण मृगयूथपयूथपः ।
तस्य बाणपथं त्यक्त्वा तस्थिवान्प्रहसन्निव ॥१८॥

18. tato gavyūtimātreṇa mṛgayūthapayūthapaḥ ,
tasya bāṇapathaṁ tyaktvā tasthivānprahasanniva.

18. tataḥ gavyūti-mātreṇa mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapaḥ
tasya bāṇa-patham tyaktvā tasthivān prahasan iva

18. tataḥ mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapaḥ tasya bāṇa-patham
tyaktvā gavyūti-mātreṇa prahasan iva tasthivān

18. Then, at a distance of just one `gavyūti` (about two miles), the king of the deer herd stood as if laughing, having left the arrow's path.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, afterwards)

• गव्यूति-मात्रेण (gavyūti-mātreṇa) - at a distance of one gavyūti (by a measure of a gavyūti, at the distance of a gavyūti)

• मृग-यूथप-यूथपः (mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapaḥ) - the king of the deer herd (the leader of the herd of deer)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Sumitra's) (his, her, its, of that)

• बाण-पथम् (bāṇa-patham) - the path of the arrow (arrow's path, range of an arrow)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having left (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

• तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - stood (he stood, he has stood (perfect tense form))

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing (laughing, smiling)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as, just as)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous event.

गव्यूति-मात्रेण (gavyūti-mātreṇa) - at a distance of one gavyūti (by a measure of a gavyūti, at the distance of a gavyūti)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gavyūti-mātra

gavyūti-mātra - measuring a gavyūti (ancient Indian unit of distance, approx. 2 miles)

Compound formed from gavyūti (distance) and mātra (measure, only)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gavyūti+mātra)

• gavyūti – a measure of distance, about two miles (distance a cow's lowing can be heard)
  noun (feminine)
• mātra – measure, quantity, only, merely
  noun/adjective (neuter)

Note: Indicates the distance at which the deer stood.

मृग-यूथप-यूथपः (mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapaḥ) - the king of the deer herd (the leader of the herd of deer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapa

mṛga-yūthapa-yūthapa - chief of the herd of deer, king of the deer herd

Compound: mṛga (deer) + yūthapa (herd-leader) + yūthapa (leader). A king of herd-leaders, implying the chief deer.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga-yūthapa+yūthapa)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal, game
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a herd, chief of a company
  noun (masculine)
  yūtha (herd) + pa (protector/leader)
• yūthapa – leader of a herd, chief of a company
  noun (masculine)
  yūtha (herd) + pa (protector/leader)

Note: Subject of 'tasthivān'.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Sumitra's) (his, her, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sumitra.

बाण-पथम् (bāṇa-patham) - the path of the arrow (arrow's path, range of an arrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāṇa-patha

bāṇa-patha - arrow's path, range of an arrow

Compound formed from bāṇa (arrow) and patha (path)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+patha)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• patha – path, road, course
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having left (having left, having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed from √tyaj (to abandon, leave)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Action preceding 'tasthivān'.

तस्थिवान् (tasthivān) - stood (he stood, he has stood (perfect tense form))

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, remain, stay

Perfect Active Participle

Formed from √sthā (to stand), Perfect Active Participle in nominative masculine singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb-like action of the deer.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing (laughing, smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasant

prahasant - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Formed from prefix pra- + √has (to laugh), Present Active Participle in nominative masculine singular

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the deer while standing.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.