महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-125, verse-12

ततः स राजा तारुण्यादौरसेन बलेन च ।
ससार बाणासनभृत्सखड्गो हंसवत्तदा ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ sa rājā tāruṇyādaurasena balena ca ,
sasāra bāṇāsanabhṛtsakhaḍgo haṁsavattadā.

12. tataḥ sa rājā tāruṇyāt aurasena balena ca
sasāra bāṇāsanabhṛt sakhaḍgaḥ haṃsavat tadā

12. tataḥ tadā sa rājā tāruṇyāt aurasena balena
ca bāṇāsanabhṛt sakhaḍgaḥ haṃsavat sasāra

12. Then, that king, bearing his bow and sword, pursued like a swan at that time, powered by his youth and natural strength.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

• स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• तारुण्यात् (tāruṇyāt) - due to his youth (from youth, by youth)

• औरसेन (aurasena) - by his inherent (strength) (by natural, by innate)

• बलेन (balena) - by his strength (by strength, by force)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ससार (sasāra) - he pursued (he ran, he flowed, he pursued)

• बाणासनभृत् (bāṇāsanabhṛt) - carrying a bow (bow-bearing, carrying a bow)

• सखड्गः (sakhaḍgaḥ) - with sword in hand (with a sword, accompanied by a sword)

• हंसवत् (haṁsavat) - like a swan (like a swan, swan-like)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to tad, used as adverb.

स (sa) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of sasāra.

तारुण्यात् (tāruṇyāt) - due to his youth (from youth, by youth)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tāruṇya

tāruṇya - youth, youthfulness, freshness

Derived from taruṇa (young).

औरसेन (aurasena) - by his inherent (strength) (by natural, by innate)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of aurasa

aurasa - born of one's own breast (i.e. legitimate, natural, inherent)

Derived from uras (breast), indicating something originating from oneself, hence innate.

Note: Agrees with balena.

बलेन (balena) - by his strength (by strength, by force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Root: bal

Note: Instrumental case expressing cause/means.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ससार (sasāra) - he pursued (he ran, he flowed, he pursued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √sṛ

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Reduplicated perfect form of √sṛ.

Root: sṛ (class 1)

बाणासनभृत् (bāṇāsanabhṛt) - carrying a bow (bow-bearing, carrying a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṇāsanabhṛt

bāṇāsanabhṛt - bow-bearing, carrying a bow

Compound. 'bhṛt' is a suffix indicating 'bearing' or 'carrying'.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (bāṇāsana+bhṛt)

• bāṇāsana – bow (literally 'arrow-seat')
  noun (neuter)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root √bhṛ (to bear, carry), as an agent noun/adjective.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā.

सखड्गः (sakhaḍgaḥ) - with sword in hand (with a sword, accompanied by a sword)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhaḍga

sakhaḍga - with a sword, accompanied by a sword

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sa' meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+khaḍga)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• khaḍga – sword, scimitar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rājā.

हंसवत् (haṁsavat) - like a swan (like a swan, swan-like)

(indeclinable)

From haṃsa (swan) + -vat (suffix for similarity).

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from pronominal base 'tad'.