महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-103, verse-36

अहो जीवितमाकाङ्क्षे नेदृशो वधमर्हति ।
सुदुर्लभाः सुपुरुषाः संग्रामेष्वपलायिनः ॥३६॥

36. aho jīvitamākāṅkṣe nedṛśo vadhamarhati ,
sudurlabhāḥ supuruṣāḥ saṁgrāmeṣvapalāyinaḥ.

36. aho jīvitam ākāṅkṣe na īdṛśaḥ vadham arhati
sudurlabhāḥ supuruṣāḥ saṅgrāmeṣu apalāyinaḥ

36. aho jīvitam ākāṅkṣe īdṛśaḥ vadham na arhati hi
saṅgrāmeṣu apalāyinaḥ supuruṣāḥ sudurlabhāḥ

36. Alas, I wish for his life (jīvita)! Such a one does not deserve death. For truly excellent men (puruṣa) who do not flee in battles are very rare.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Expresses sorrow or surprise. (Alas! Oh! Ah!)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - The life of the slain person. (life, existence)

• आकाङ्क्षे (ākāṅkṣe) - I desire, I long for, I wish for

• न (na) - not, no

• ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Refers to the excellent man being discussed. (such a one, such a person)

• वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, destruction

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

• सुदुर्लभाः (sudurlabhāḥ) - very difficult to obtain, very rare

• सुपुरुषाः (supuruṣāḥ) - excellent men, good men (puruṣa)

• सङ्ग्रामेषु (saṅgrāmeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• अपलायिनः (apalāyinaḥ) - not fleeing, not running away

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Expresses sorrow or surprise. (Alas! Oh! Ah!)

(indeclinable)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - The life of the slain person. (life, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, living

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jīv with kta suffix; used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of ākāṅkṣe.

आकाङ्क्षे (ākāṅkṣe) - I desire, I long for, I wish for

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-kāṅkṣ

From root kāṅkṣ with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ईदृशः (īdṛśaḥ) - Refers to the excellent man being discussed. (such a one, such a person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Derived from idam + dṛś.

वधम् (vadham) - death, killing, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, destruction, blow

From root vadh (or han).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of arhati.

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

सुदुर्लभाः (sudurlabhāḥ) - very difficult to obtain, very rare

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sudurlabha

sudurlabha - very difficult to obtain, very rare

Compound of su (very) and durlabha (difficult to obtain).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durlabha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from dur-labh with ka suffix.
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

सुपुरुषाः (supuruṣāḥ) - excellent men, good men (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of supuruṣa

supuruṣa - excellent man, good person, noble man (puruṣa)

Compound of su (good, excellent) and puruṣa (person, man).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+puruṣa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• puruṣa – person, man, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

सङ्ग्रामेषु (saṅgrāmeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From sam-grām (to fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: grām

अपलायिनः (apalāyinaḥ) - not fleeing, not running away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apalāyin

apalāyin - not fleeing, not running away, steadfast

Agent noun / Adjective from a-palāy.

Compound of a (negation) and palāyin (fleeing). palāyin is from palāy (to flee) + ini.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+palāyin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun Suffix
  Derived from palāy (to flee) with suffix ini.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: palāy (class 1)

Note: Modifies supuruṣāḥ.