महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-103, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
जैत्र्या वा कानि रूपाणि भवन्ति पुरुषर्षभ ।
पृतनायाः प्रशस्तानि तानीहेच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
jaitryā vā kāni rūpāṇi bhavanti puruṣarṣabha ,
pṛtanāyāḥ praśastāni tānīhecchāmi veditum.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca jaitryā vā kāni rūpāṇi bhavanti
puruṣarṣabha pṛtanāyāḥ praśastāni tāni iha icchāmi veditum

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: puruṣarṣabha,
jaitryā pṛtanāyāḥ vā kāni praśastāni rūpāṇi bhavanti? tāni iha veditum icchāmi.

1. Yudhishthira said: 'O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), what are the auspicious characteristics of a victorious army? I desire to know them now.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• जैत्र्या (jaitryā) - of victory, victorious

• वा (vā) - emphasizing the question (interrogative particle) (or, and, but (also an interrogative particle))

• कानि (kāni) - what (plural)

• रूपाणि (rūpāṇi) - forms, characteristics, qualities, appearances

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they exist, they become

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - vocative for the listener (e.g., Bhishma or Krishna) (O best among men)

• पृतनायाः (pṛtanāyāḥ) - of the army, of the host

• प्रशस्तानि (praśastāni) - praised, excellent, auspicious

• तानि (tāni) - those

• इह (iha) - here, now, in this world

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire, I want

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to understand

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  locative case of yudh (battle) used adverbially
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

जैत्र्या (jaitryā) - of victory, victorious

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of jaitra

jaitra - victorious, relating to victory, triumphal

derived from jaya (victory)

Root: ji (class 1)

वा (vā) - emphasizing the question (interrogative particle) (or, and, but (also an interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

particle

कानि (kāni) - what (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun

रूपाणि (rūpāṇi) - forms, characteristics, qualities, appearances

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, characteristic, quality

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they exist, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - vocative for the listener (e.g., Bhishma or Krishna) (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best among men

Tatpuruṣa compound of puruṣa (man) and ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

पृतनायाः (pṛtanāyāḥ) - of the army, of the host

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛtanā

pṛtanā - army, host, battle, fight

प्रशस्तानि (praśastāni) - praised, excellent, auspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of praśasta

praśasta - praised, excellent, auspicious, good, distinguished

Past Passive Participle

from root śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

तानि (tāni) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

इह (iha) - here, now, in this world

(indeclinable)

adverb

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire, I want

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active Indicative

1st person singular

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to understand

(infinitive)

Note: Verbal noun used as object of 'icchāmi'.