महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-103, verse-22

संनिपातो न गन्तव्यः शक्ये सति कथंचन ।
सान्त्वभेदप्रदानानां युद्धमुत्तरमुच्यते ॥२२॥

22. saṁnipāto na gantavyaḥ śakye sati kathaṁcana ,
sāntvabhedapradānānāṁ yuddhamuttaramucyate.

22. saṃnipātaḥ na gantavyaḥ śakye sati kathaṃcana
| sāntvabhedapradānānām yuddham uttaram ucyate

22. śakye sati kathaṃcana saṃnipātaḥ na gantavyaḥ
sāntvabhedapradānānām uttaram yuddham ucyate

22. A direct confrontation should not be resorted to by any means when it is possible (to avoid). War is declared to be the final option after measures of conciliation, causing division, and offering gifts.

Words meanings summery:

• संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - encounter, confrontation, direct meeting

• न (na) - not, no

• गन्तव्यः (gantavyaḥ) - should be gone, to be resorted to

• शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible, in possibility

• सति (sati) - being, existing, when it is

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, somehow or other

• सान्त्वभेदप्रदानानाम् (sāntvabhedapradānānām) - of conciliation, division, and gifts

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - the subsequent, the last, the final

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - encounter, confrontation, direct meeting

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnipāta

saṁnipāta - meeting, encounter, confrontation; collection, assemblage

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गन्तव्यः (gantavyaḥ) - should be gone, to be resorted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gantavya

gantavya - to be gone to, to be resorted to, attainable

Gerundive

root gam + tavya suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saṃnipātaḥ.

शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible, in possibility

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive

root śak + ya suffix

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'śakye sati'.

सति (sati) - being, existing, when it is

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, real, good

Present Active Participle

root as + śatṛ suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'śakye sati'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, somehow or other

(indeclinable)

सान्त्वभेदप्रदानानाम् (sāntvabhedapradānānām) - of conciliation, division, and gifts

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sāntvabhedapradāna

sāntvabhedapradāna - conciliation, division, and gifts (as political strategies)

Compound type : dvandva (sāntva+bheda+pradāna)

• sāntva – conciliation, mildness, gentle words
  noun (neuter)
• bheda – division, dissension, breaking apart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• pradāna – giving, offering, gift, donation
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the political strategies of sāma (conciliation), bheda (division), and dāna (gifts).

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - the subsequent, the last, the final

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - later, subsequent, final, last, northern, higher

Note: Agrees with yuddham.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vac

Passive, present indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)