महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-103, verse-33

द्वेष्यो भवति भूतानामुग्रो राजा युधिष्ठिर ।
मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तस्मादुभयभाग्भवेत् ॥३३॥

33. dveṣyo bhavati bhūtānāmugro rājā yudhiṣṭhira ,
mṛdumapyavamanyante tasmādubhayabhāgbhavet.

33. dveṣyaḥ bhavati bhūtānām ugraḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhira
mṛdum api avamanyante tasmāt ubhayabhāk bhavet

33. yudhiṣṭhira,
ugraḥ rājā bhūtānām dveṣyaḥ bhavati.
mṛdum api avamanyante.
tasmāt ubhayabhāk bhavet.

33. O Yudhiṣṭhira, a harsh king becomes hateful to all beings. Yet, even a gentle one is disrespected. Therefore, one should adopt a twofold approach, embodying both qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वेष्यः (dveṣyaḥ) - hateful, detestable, an object of hatred

• भवति (bhavati) - he becomes, he is, he exists

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of the king's subjects (of beings, of creatures, of subjects)

• उग्रः (ugraḥ) - fierce, harsh, cruel, terrible

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

• मृदुम् (mṛdum) - a gentle king/person (gentle, soft, mild)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अवमन्यन्ते (avamanyante) - they disrespect, they despise, they disregard

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, thence, from that

• उभयभाक् (ubhayabhāk) - possessing both harshness and gentleness (partaking of both, possessing both (qualities))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - one should be, he should be, may he be

Words meanings and morphology

द्वेष्यः (dveṣyaḥ) - hateful, detestable, an object of hatred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dveṣya

dveṣya - hateful, detestable, an object of hatred

Gerundive (passive sense)

Formed from root √dviṣ (to hate) + suffix -ya.

Root: √dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

भवति (bhavati) - he becomes, he is, he exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Tense

From root √bhū (to be, become). Parasmaipada form.

Root: √bhū (class 1)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of the king's subjects (of beings, of creatures, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, subject (of a king); also past passive participle of √bhū

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √bhū, used here as a substantive.

Root: √bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to living beings or, in a political context, subjects.

उग्रः (ugraḥ) - fierce, harsh, cruel, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, harsh, cruel, terrible, powerful

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'bhavati'.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, "firm in battle")

Compound of yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

Note: Direct address.

मृदुम् (mṛdum) - a gentle king/person (gentle, soft, mild)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - gentle, soft, mild, tender

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to 'a gentle person/king'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अवमन्यन्ते (avamanyante) - they disrespect, they despise, they disregard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √man

Present Tense

From root √man (to think) with prefix ava. Ātmanepada form.

Prefix: ava

Root: √man (class 4)

Note: The implied subject is 'people' or 'subjects'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, thence, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

उभयभाक् (ubhayabhāk) - possessing both harshness and gentleness (partaking of both, possessing both (qualities))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ubhayabhāj

ubhayabhāj - partaking of both, possessing both

Compound of ubhaya (both) and bhāj (partaking, sharing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ubhaya+bhāj)

• ubhaya – both
  adjective
• bhāj – partaking, sharing, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From √bhaj (to divide, share, partake).
  Root: √bhaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject 'one' or 'the king'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - one should be, he should be, may he be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √bhū

Optative Mood

From root √bhū (to be, become). Parasmaipada form.

Root: √bhū (class 1)