महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-103, verse-17

जघन्य एष विजयो यद्युद्धं नाम भारत ।
यादृच्छिको युधि जयो दैवो वेति विचारणम् ॥१७॥

17. jaghanya eṣa vijayo yadyuddhaṁ nāma bhārata ,
yādṛcchiko yudhi jayo daivo veti vicāraṇam.

17. jaghanyaḥ eṣaḥ vijayaḥ yat yuddham nāma bhārata
yādṛcchikaḥ yudhi jayaḥ daivaḥ vā iti vicāraṇam

17. bhārata yat yuddham nāma eṣaḥ jaghanyaḥ vijayaḥ
yudhi jayaḥ yādṛcchikaḥ vā daivaḥ iti vicāraṇam

17. O Bhārata, this victory (vijaya) that is achieved through battle is indeed the lowest (kind of victory). For, in battle, victory is (considered to be) either accidental or divinely ordained (daiva) – such is the deliberation.

Words meanings summery:

• जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - lowest, worst, last, hindmost

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, called

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a Kuru prince like Dhritarashtra or Yudhishthira) (O descendant of Bharata)

• यादृच्छिकः (yādṛcchikaḥ) - accidental, arbitrary, casual

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• दैवः (daivaḥ) - divine, providential, fated

• वा (vā) - or, either

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quote marker)

• विचारणम् (vicāraṇam) - deliberation, consideration, doubt, inquiry

Words meanings and morphology

जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - lowest, worst, last, hindmost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaghanya

jaghanya - hindmost, last, youngest, worst, lowest, inferior

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, called

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing a Kuru prince like Dhritarashtra or Yudhishthira) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

यादृच्छिकः (yādṛcchikaḥ) - accidental, arbitrary, casual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yādṛcchika

yādṛcchika - accidental, fortuitous, arbitrary, spontaneous

Derived from 'yadṛcchā' (accident, chance).

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, combat

Root: yudh (class 4)

जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

Root: ji (class 1)

दैवः (daivaḥ) - divine, providential, fated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, celestial, fated, providential, relating to the gods

Derived from 'deva' (god).

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quote marker)

(indeclinable)

विचारणम् (vicāraṇam) - deliberation, consideration, doubt, inquiry

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vicāraṇa

vicāraṇa - deliberation, investigation, consideration, doubt, inquiry

From root 'car' (to move) with prefix 'vi-ā'.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: car (class 1)