महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-16, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तदाज्ञाय हृषीकेशो विसृष्टं पापकर्मणा ।
हृष्यमाण इदं वाक्यं द्रौणिं प्रत्यब्रवीत्तदा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tadājñāya hṛṣīkeśo visṛṣṭaṁ pāpakarmaṇā ,
hṛṣyamāṇa idaṁ vākyaṁ drauṇiṁ pratyabravīttadā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tat ājñāya hṛṣīkeśaḥ visṛṣṭam
pāpakarmaṇā hṛṣyamāṇaḥ idam vākyam drauṇim prati abravīt tadā

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tadā hṛṣīkeśaḥ pāpakarmaṇā visṛṣṭam
tat ājñāya hṛṣyamāṇaḥ idam vākyam drauṇim prati abravīt

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said, "Then, Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa), having recognized that [weapon] which had been released by the evil-doer (Aśvatthāmā), spoke these words to the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā) while rejoicing."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - the narrator Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the weapon) (that, it)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized (having known, having understood, having recognized)

• हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) (Hṛṣīkeśa (proper name, an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

• विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - which had been released (released, discharged)

• पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by the evil-doer (Aśvatthāmā) (by the evil-doer, by the one whose deeds are evil)

• हृष्यमाणः (hṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - rejoicing (rejoicing, being thrilled)

• इदम् (idam) - these (this)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - to the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā) (the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā))

• प्रति (prati) - to, towards (towards, to, against)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - the narrator Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the weapon) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Object of 'ājñāya'.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized (having known, having understood, having recognized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root jñā with upasarga ā + lyap

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive.

हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) (Hṛṣīkeśa (proper name, an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - Hṛṣīkeśa (master of the senses, an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

hṛṣīka (sense) + īśa (lord) or hṛṣīka (hair) + īśa

Compound type : tatpurusha (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense, hair
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root īś (to rule)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - which had been released (released, discharged)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - released, discharged, sent forth, created

Past Passive Participle

Root sṛj with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tat'.

पापकर्मणा (pāpakarmaṇā) - by the evil-doer (Aśvatthāmā) (by the evil-doer, by the one whose deeds are evil)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpakarmā

pāpakarmā - evil-doer, one whose deeds are evil

pāpa (evil) + karman (deed)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – evil, wicked, sin
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root kṛ + manin
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent of the passive 'visṛṣṭam'.

हृष्यमाणः (hṛṣyamāṇaḥ) - rejoicing (rejoicing, being thrilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣyamāṇa

hṛṣyamāṇa - rejoicing, being thrilled, being pleased

Present Middle Participle

Root hṛṣ + śānac

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Participle, acts as a predicate adjective.

इदम् (idam) - these (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, saying

From root vac + ya

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - to the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā) (the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Patronymic from Droṇa

Note: Object of 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - to, towards (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'hṛṣīkeśaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.