महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-73, verse-18

कथं च पतितास्यस्मिन्कूपे वीरुत्तृणावृते ।
दुहिता चैव कस्य त्वं वद सर्वं सुमध्यमे ॥१८॥

18. kathaṁ ca patitāsyasminkūpe vīruttṛṇāvṛte ,
duhitā caiva kasya tvaṁ vada sarvaṁ sumadhyame.

18. katham ca patitā asi asmin kūpe vīruttṛṇāvṛte
duhitā ca eva kasya tvam vada sarvam sumadhyame

18. And how did you fall into this well, which is covered with creepers and grass? Whose daughter are you? O slender-waisted one, tell me everything!

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how

• च (ca) - and, also

• पतिता (patitā) - fallen

• असि (asi) - you are

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• कूपे (kūpe) - in the well

• वीरुत्तृणावृते (vīruttṛṇāvṛte) - covered with creepers and grass

• दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• कस्य (kasya) - whose

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• सुमध्यमे (sumadhyame) - O slender-waisted one

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पतिता (patitā) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, outcast

Past Passive Participle

PPP from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tvam'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root as, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, present 2nd singular

Root: as (class 2)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Describes 'kūpe'.

कूपे (kūpe) - in the well

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit

वीरुत्तृणावृते (vīruttṛṇāvṛte) - covered with creepers and grass

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīruttṛṇāvṛta

vīruttṛṇāvṛta - covered with creepers and grass

Compound type : tatpurusha (vīrut+tṛṇa+āvṛta)

• vīrut – creeper, spreading plant
  noun (feminine)
• tṛṇa – grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• āvṛta – covered, concealed, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes 'kūpe'.

दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duhitar

duhitar - daughter

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Active

Root vad, 1st class, Parasmaipada, imperative 2nd singular

Root: vad (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Object of 'vada'.

सुमध्यमे (sumadhyame) - O slender-waisted one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of sumadhyamā

sumadhyamā - a woman with a beautiful waist, slender-waisted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+madhya)

• su – good, well, excellent (prefix)
  indeclinable
• madhya – middle, waist
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to the girl.