महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-73, verse-17

का त्वं ताम्रनखी श्यामा सुमृष्टमणिकुण्डला ।
दीर्घं ध्यायसि चात्यर्थं कस्माच्छ्वसिषि चातुरा ॥१७॥

17. kā tvaṁ tāmranakhī śyāmā sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā ,
dīrghaṁ dhyāyasi cātyarthaṁ kasmācchvasiṣi cāturā.

17. kā tvam tāmranakhī śyāmā sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā dīrgham
dhyāyasi ca atyartham kasmāt śvasisi ca āturā

17. Who are you, with your copper-red nails, dark complexion, and brightly polished jewel earrings? Why do you ponder so deeply and sigh excessively, looking so distressed?

Words meanings summery:

• का (kā) - who

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• ताम्रनखी (tāmranakhī) - with copper-red nails

• श्यामा (śyāmā) - dark-complexioned (woman), youthful woman

• सुमृष्टमणिकुण्डला (sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā) - having brightly polished jewel earrings

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply, for a long time, at length

• ध्यायसि (dhyāyasi) - you meditate, you ponder, you think deeply

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, greatly, very much

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• श्वसिसि (śvasisi) - you sigh, you breathe deeply

• च (ca) - and, also

• आतुरा (āturā) - distressed, suffering, sick

Words meanings and morphology

का (kā) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

ताम्रनखी (tāmranakhī) - with copper-red nails

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tāmranakhī

tāmranakhī - having copper-red nails

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tāmra+nakha)

• tāmra – copper-red, reddish
  adjective (masculine)
• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'tvam'

श्यामा (śyāmā) - dark-complexioned (woman), youthful woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śyāmā

śyāmā - dark-colored woman, youthful woman (who has not yet attained full maturity or experienced the signs of age), a specific plant

Note: Can be an adjective or a noun here, referring to 'you'.

सुमृष्टमणिकुण्डला (sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā) - having brightly polished jewel earrings

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā

sumṛṣṭamaṇikuṇḍalā - adorned with brightly polished jewel earrings

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mṛṣṭa+maṇi+kuṇḍala)

• su – good, well, excellent (prefix)
  indeclinable
• mṛṣṭa – polished, cleaned, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP from root mṛj (to wipe, clean)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)
• maṇi – jewel, gem
  noun (masculine)
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'tvam'

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply, for a long time, at length

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbially modifies 'dhyāyasi'.

ध्यायसि (dhyāyasi) - you meditate, you ponder, you think deeply

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dhyai

Present Active

Root dhyai, 1st class, Parasmaipada, present 2nd singular

Root: dhyai (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, greatly, very much

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively (prefix)
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbially modifies 'dhyāyasi'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun in ablative, used adverbially for 'why'.

श्वसिसि (śvasisi) - you sigh, you breathe deeply

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śvas

Present Active

Root śvas, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, present 2nd singular

Root: śvas (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आतुरा (āturā) - distressed, suffering, sick

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ātura

ātura - distressed, suffering, sick, afflicted

Note: Describes 'tvam'.