महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-111, verse-5

स्वर्गपारं तितीर्षन्स शतशृङ्गादुदङ्मुखः ।
प्रतस्थे सह पत्नीभ्यामब्रुवंस्तत्र तापसाः ।
उपर्युपरि गच्छन्तः शैलराजमुदङ्मुखाः ॥५॥

5. svargapāraṁ titīrṣansa śataśṛṅgādudaṅmukhaḥ ,
pratasthe saha patnībhyāmabruvaṁstatra tāpasāḥ ,
uparyupari gacchantaḥ śailarājamudaṅmukhāḥ.

5. svargapāram titīrṣan saḥ śataśṛṅgāt
udaṅmukhaḥ pratasthe saha patnībhyām
abruvan tatra tāpasāḥ uparyupari
gacchantaḥ śailarājam udaṅmukhāḥ

5. Desiring to transcend to the far side of heaven (svargapāram), he, facing north, departed from Śataśṛṅga with his two wives. There, the ascetics, proceeding higher and higher up the king of mountains while facing north, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वर्गपारम् (svargapāram) - beyond heaven (svargapāram) (the other shore of heaven, beyond heaven)

• तितीर्षन् (titīrṣan) - desiring to transcend (desiring to cross, wishing to overcome, intending to transcend)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Pandu) (he, that)

• शतशृङ्गात् (śataśṛṅgāt) - from Śataśṛṅga (mountain name) (from Śataśṛṅga, from the hundred-peaked mountain)

• उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north (facing north, northward-faced)

• प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - he set out (he set out, he departed, he began)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• पत्नीभ्याम् (patnībhyām) - with his two wives (with two wives)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on Śataśṛṅga) (there, then, in that place)

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics (ascetics, hermits, devotees)

• उपर्युपरि (uparyupari) - higher and higher up (higher and higher, upwards, repeatedly above)

• गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - proceeding (going, moving, proceeding)

• शैलराजम् (śailarājam) - the king of mountains (the king of mountains, the best mountain)

• उदङ्मुखाः (udaṅmukhāḥ) - facing north

Words meanings and morphology

स्वर्गपारम् (svargapāram) - beyond heaven (svargapāram) (the other shore of heaven, beyond heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svargapāra

svargapāra - the further shore of heaven, beyond heaven

Compound: svarga (heaven) + pāra (further shore, opposite bank).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (svarga+pāra)

• svarga – heaven, celestial abode
  noun (masculine)
• pāra – further shore, opposite bank, boundary, end
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the implied action of crossing/desiring to cross.

तितीर्षन् (titīrṣan) - desiring to transcend (desiring to cross, wishing to overcome, intending to transcend)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of titīrṣat

titīrṣat - desiring to cross, wishing to overcome

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Formed from the desiderative stem of √tṛ (to cross) + śatṛ.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Pandu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

शतशृङ्गात् (śataśṛṅgāt) - from Śataśṛṅga (mountain name) (from Śataśṛṅga, from the hundred-peaked mountain)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śataśṛṅga

śataśṛṅga - hundred-peaked, a specific mountain (Śataśṛṅga)

Bahuvrīhi compound: śata (hundred) + śṛṅga (peak).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śata+śṛṅga)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates source or starting point.

उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north (facing north, northward-faced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - facing north

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose mukha (face) is udaṅ (northward).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (udac+mukha)

• udac – north, northward
  adjective
  Directional noun/adjective.
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, direction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (Pandu).

प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - he set out (he set out, he departed, he began)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of prasthā

Perfect (liṭ) form, third person singular middle. From pra-sthā (to set out, depart).

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

पत्नीभ्याम् (patnībhyām) - with his two wives (with two wives)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, dual of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

`ī`-stem noun.

Note: The instrumental case is used with `saha`.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (laṅ) form, third person plural active.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is `tāpasāḥ`.

तत्र (tatra) - there (on Śataśṛṅga) (there, then, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

Note: Modifies `abruvan`.

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics (ascetics, hermits, devotees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who performs penance (tapas)

From tapas + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of `abruvan`.

उपर्युपरि (uparyupari) - higher and higher up (higher and higher, upwards, repeatedly above)

(indeclinable)

Reduplicated adverb from upari (above).

Note: Modifies `gacchantaḥ`.

गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - proceeding (going, moving, proceeding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From √gam (to go) + śatṛ.

Root: gam (class 1)

शैलराजम् (śailarājam) - the king of mountains (the king of mountains, the best mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śailarāja

śailarāja - king of mountains, a great mountain

Compound: śaila (mountain) + rāja (king).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śaila+rāja)

• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler, best of its kind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `gacchantaḥ`.

उदङ्मुखाः (udaṅmukhāḥ) - facing north

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - facing north

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose mukha (face) is udaṅ (northward).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (udac+mukha)

• udac – north, northward
  adjective
  Directional noun/adjective.
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, direction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `tāpasāḥ`.