महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-111, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा तापसवचः पाण्डुश्चिन्तापरोऽभवत् ।
आत्मनो मृगशापेन जानन्नुपहतां क्रियाम् ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tacchrutvā tāpasavacaḥ pāṇḍuścintāparo'bhavat ,
ātmano mṛgaśāpena jānannupahatāṁ kriyām.

21. vaiśampāyana uvāca | tat śrutvā tāpasavacaḥ pāṇḍuḥ cintāparaḥ
abhavat | ātmanaḥ mṛgaśāpena jānan upahatām kriyām

21. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having heard those words of the ascetics, Pāṇḍu became immersed in thought, knowing that his act (kriyā) [of procreation] was hindered by the curse of the deer.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तत् (tat) - referring to the words of the ascetics (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

• तापसवचः (tāpasavacaḥ) - the words of the ascetics (the word/speech of the ascetic)

• पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pāṇḍu

• चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - immersed in thought, worried

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, happened

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, his own

• मृगशापेन (mṛgaśāpena) - by the curse of the deer

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

• उपहताम् (upahatām) - hindered, spoiled, injured

• क्रियाम् (kriyām) - the act of procreation or marital union (action, activity, ritual, rite)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

root vac, third person singular perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - referring to the words of the ascetics (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

तापसवचः (tāpasavacaḥ) - the words of the ascetics (the word/speech of the ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāpasavacas

tāpasavacas - the word or speech of an ascetic

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tāpasa+vacas)

• tāpasa – ascetic, hermit, one who practices austerity
  noun (masculine)
  derived from tapas (austerity)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)

Note: can be nominative/accusative singular of vacas

पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (a mythological king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)

चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - immersed in thought, worried

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintāpara

cintāpara - absorbed in thought, preoccupied, anxious, worried

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cintā+para)

• cintā – thought, reflection, worry, anxiety
  noun (feminine)
• para – chief, supreme, engrossed in, devoted to
  adjective

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

root bhū, third person singular imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, his own

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath

मृगशापेन (mṛgaśāpena) - by the curse of the deer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛgaśāpa

mṛgaśāpa - the curse of a deer or wild animal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+śāpa)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal, game
  noun (masculine)
• śāpa – curse, imprecation, anathema
  noun (masculine)

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, to understand, to recognize

Present Active Participle

from root jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

उपहताम् (upahatām) - hindered, spoiled, injured

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upahata

upahata - hindered, spoiled, injured, destroyed, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

क्रियाम् (kriyām) - the act of procreation or marital union (action, activity, ritual, rite)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kriyā

kriyā - action, activity, work, ritual, rite, performance

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)