महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-111, verse-4

स तु कालेन महता प्राप्य निष्कल्मषं तपः ।
ब्रह्मर्षिसदृशः पाण्डुर्बभूव भरतर्षभ ॥४॥

4. sa tu kālena mahatā prāpya niṣkalmaṣaṁ tapaḥ ,
brahmarṣisadṛśaḥ pāṇḍurbabhūva bharatarṣabha.

4. saḥ tu kālena mahatā prāpya niṣkalmaṣam tapaḥ
brahmarṣisadṛśaḥ pāṇḍuḥ babhūva bharatarṣabha

4. O best among the Bhāratas, after a long time, having acquired pure penance (tapas), Pandu indeed became like a Brahmarshi.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Pandu) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed, moreover)

• कालेन (kālena) - after a period of time (by time, with time, after some time)

• महता (mahatā) - long (period of time) (by great, by large, by extensive)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having acquired (having obtained, having reached, having acquired)

• निष्कल्मषम् (niṣkalmaṣam) - pure (sinless, pure, spotless, stainless)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor)

• ब्रह्मर्षिसदृशः (brahmarṣisadṛśaḥ) - like a Brahmarshi (like a Brahmarshi, resembling a divine sage)

• पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pandu (Pandu (name))

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bhāratas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Pandu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `babhūva`.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed, moreover)

(indeclinable)

particle

कालेन (kālena) - after a period of time (by time, with time, after some time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Indicates the duration or means of an action.

महता (mahatā) - long (period of time) (by great, by large, by extensive)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

`t`-stem adjective.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having acquired (having obtained, having reached, having acquired)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From pra-āp (to obtain) + -ya suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

निष्कल्मषम् (niṣkalmaṣam) - pure (sinless, pure, spotless, stainless)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niṣkalmaṣa

niṣkalmaṣa - sinless, pure, stainless, faultless

Bahuvrīhi compound: one from whom kalmaṣa (sin/stain) is niṣ (gone out).

Compound type : Prādi-Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (nis+kalmaṣa)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• kalmaṣa – sin, impurity, stain, dirt
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `tapaḥ`.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor, self-discipline

`s`-stem noun.

Note: Object of `prāpya`.

ब्रह्मर्षिसदृशः (brahmarṣisadṛśaḥ) - like a Brahmarshi (like a Brahmarshi, resembling a divine sage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmarṣisadṛśa

brahmarṣisadṛśa - like a brahmin sage, resembling a brahmin seer

Compound: `brahmarṣi` (Brahmin sage) + `sadṛśa` (like, resembling).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (brahmarṣi+sadṛśa)

• brahmarṣi – brahmin sage, divine sage
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of Brahman (Vedic knowledge/God) and Ṛṣi (sage)
• sadṛśa – like, resembling, similar
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicative nominative, describing Pandu.

पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pandu (Pandu (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (proper name, also meaning pale, yellowish-white)

Note: Subject of `babhūva`.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect (liṭ) form, third person singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bhāratas (O best of Bharatas, O bull of the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - chief of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas (lit. bull of the Bharatas)

Compound: Bharata (name of dynasty) + ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (name), a descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)