महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-111, verse-30

पूर्वपूर्वतमाभावे मत्वा लिप्सेत वै सुतम् ।
उत्तमादवराः पुंसः काङ्क्षन्ते पुत्रमापदि ॥३०॥

30. pūrvapūrvatamābhāve matvā lipseta vai sutam ,
uttamādavarāḥ puṁsaḥ kāṅkṣante putramāpadi.

30. pūrvapūrvatamābhāve matvā lipseta vai sutam
uttamāt avarāḥ puṃsaḥ kāṅkṣante putram āpadi

30. Having considered the absence of the preceding and successively superior sons, one should indeed strive to obtain a son. In times of adversity, men of lower status desire a son from a superior (source or woman).

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वपूर्वतमाभावे (pūrvapūrvatamābhāve) - in the absence of the higher-ranking sons (mentioned previously) (in the absence of the successively preceding and most excellent)

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered

• लिप्सेत (lipseta) - one should desire, strive for, obtain

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• सुतम् (sutam) - a son

• उत्तमात् (uttamāt) - from a woman or lineage of superior status (from a superior, from the best)

• अवराः (avarāḥ) - inferior, lower, lower ones

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - inferior men (men, of a man)

• काङ्क्षन्ते (kāṅkṣante) - they desire, they wish for

• पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

• आपदि (āpadi) - in distress, in calamity, in misfortune

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वपूर्वतमाभावे (pūrvapūrvatamābhāve) - in the absence of the higher-ranking sons (mentioned previously) (in the absence of the successively preceding and most excellent)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvapūrvatamābhāva

pūrvapūrvatamābhāva - the absence of the preceding and successively superior ones

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrvapūrvatama+abhāva)

• pūrvapūrvatama – the earliest and the earlier, the most preceding
  adjective (masculine)
  Reduplication of pūrva for 'successively' with superlative 'tama'
• abhāva – absence, non-existence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root man

Root: man (class 4)

लिप्सेत (lipseta) - one should desire, strive for, obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative form of desiderative root lips- (from root labh)

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Desiderative root form lips-

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

सुतम् (sutam) - a son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From root sū

Root: sū (class 2)

उत्तमात् (uttamāt) - from a woman or lineage of superior status (from a superior, from the best)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, superior

Note: Can refer to a superior person or category.

अवराः (avarāḥ) - inferior, lower, lower ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avara

avara - inferior, lower, later

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - inferior men (men, of a man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

Note: Here, it modifies avarāḥ, so 'inferior men'

काङ्क्षन्ते (kāṅkṣante) - they desire, they wish for

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kāṅkṣ

Present form of root kāṅkṣ

Root: kākṣ (class 1)

पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

आपदि (āpadi) - in distress, in calamity, in misfortune

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - distress, calamity, misfortune, danger