महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-107, verse-4

कथं चैकः स वैश्यायां धृतराष्ट्रसुतोऽभवत् ।
कथं च सदृशीं भार्यां गान्धारीं धर्मचारिणीम् ।
आनुकूल्ये वर्तमानां धृतराष्ट्रोऽत्यवर्तत ॥४॥

4. kathaṁ caikaḥ sa vaiśyāyāṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasuto'bhavat ,
kathaṁ ca sadṛśīṁ bhāryāṁ gāndhārīṁ dharmacāriṇīm ,
ānukūlye vartamānāṁ dhṛtarāṣṭro'tyavartata.

4. katham ca ekaḥ sa vaiśyāyām dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ
abhavat katham ca sadṛśīm
bhāryām gāndhārīm dharmacāriṇīm ānukūlye
vartamānām dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ atyavartata

4. And how was that one son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra born from a Vaiśya woman? And how did Dhṛtarāṣṭra disregard his suitable wife Gāndhārī, who was always agreeable and observed her righteous conduct (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• च (ca) - and, also

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a certain (one)

• स (sa) - he, that

• वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a Vaiśya woman, from a Vaiśya woman

• धृतराष्ट्रसुतः (dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, was born

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• च (ca) - and, also

• सदृशीम् (sadṛśīm) - similar, suitable, appropriate

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

• गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gāndhārī

• धर्मचारिणीम् (dharmacāriṇīm) - who observed her righteous conduct (dharma) (one who observes dharma, righteous, virtuous)

• आनुकूल्ये (ānukūlye) - in agreeableness, in conformity, in harmony

• वर्तमानाम् (vartamānām) - existing, being, abiding, acting

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• अत्यवर्तत (atyavartata) - disregarded, neglected, transgressed, acted beyond

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a certain (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, a certain, unique

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वैश्यायाम् (vaiśyāyām) - in a Vaiśya woman, from a Vaiśya woman

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vaiśyā

vaiśyā - a woman of the Vaiśya caste

धृतराष्ट्रसुतः (dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭrasuta

dhṛtarāṣṭrasuta - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛtarāṣṭra+suta)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, was born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सदृशीम् (sadṛśīm) - similar, suitable, appropriate

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sadṛśī

sadṛśī - similar, suitable, appropriate (feminine)

Feminine form of sadṛś

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be supported

गान्धारीम् (gāndhārīm) - Gāndhārī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (proper name, princess from Gandhāra)

धर्मचारिणीम् (dharmacāriṇīm) - who observed her righteous conduct (dharma) (one who observes dharma, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmacāriṇī

dharmacāriṇī - one who observes natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous woman

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+cāriṇī)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• cāriṇī – female practicer, follower, one who acts/moves
  noun (feminine)
  agent noun/participle
  Derived from root car (to move, to act, to practice) with suffix -iṇī
  Root: car (class 1)

आनुकूल्ये (ānukūlye) - in agreeableness, in conformity, in harmony

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ānukūlya

ānukūlya - agreeableness, conformity, favor, good will

वर्तमानाम् (vartamānām) - existing, being, abiding, acting

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, acting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) with suffix -māna

Root: vṛt (class 1)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name)

अत्यवर्तत (atyavartata) - disregarded, neglected, transgressed, acted beyond

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of ativṛt

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)