महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-107, verse-24

जज्ञे क्रमेण चैतेन तेषां दुर्योधनो नृपः ।
जन्मतस्तु प्रमाणेन ज्येष्ठो राजा युधिष्ठिरः ॥२४॥

24. jajñe krameṇa caitena teṣāṁ duryodhano nṛpaḥ ,
janmatastu pramāṇena jyeṣṭho rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

24. jajñe krameṇa ca etena teṣām duryodhanaḥ nṛpaḥ
janmataḥ tu pramāṇena jyeṣṭhaḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

24. And by this process, Duryodhana was born among them as a royal. However, from the perspective of birth and seniority, King Yudhishthira was the eldest.

Words meanings summery:

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, came into existence

• क्रमेण (krameṇa) - by this process (referring to the method of birth discussed previously) (by order, in succession, by degrees, by the process)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the Kauravas (of them, among them)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - royal (indicating his lineage and future status) (king, ruler, prince)

• जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by birth, from birth

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• प्रमाणेन (pramāṇena) - by seniority (by measure, by authority, by seniority, by standard)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, senior, chief

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, came into existence

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

क्रमेण (krameṇa) - by this process (referring to the method of birth discussed previously) (by order, in succession, by degrees, by the process)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krama

krama - step, order, succession, method, process

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'krameṇa'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the Kauravas (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to fight with, name of the eldest Kaurava prince

From 'dur-' (bad, difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yudh-' (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - royal (indicating his lineage and future status) (king, ruler, prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā-' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative, describing Duryodhana.

जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by birth, from birth

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-tas' indicating source or manner.

Root: jan (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणेन (pramāṇena) - by seniority (by measure, by authority, by seniority, by standard)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, proof, seniority, valid knowledge

From 'pra-' (forth) + 'mā' (to measure) + '-ana'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, senior, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, best, chief, most excellent

Superlative form of 'praśasya' (good) or 'vṛddha' (old).

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, name of the eldest Pandava prince

From 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā-' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)