महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-107, verse-24

जज्ञे क्रमेण चैतेन तेषां दुर्योधनो नृपः ।
जन्मतस्तु प्रमाणेन ज्येष्ठो राजा युधिष्ठिरः ॥२४॥

24. jajñe krameṇa caitena teṣāṁ duryodhano nṛpaḥ ,
janmatastu pramāṇena jyeṣṭho rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

24. jajñe krameṇa ca etena teṣām duryodhanaḥ nṛpaḥ
janmataḥ tu pramāṇena jyeṣṭhaḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

24. And by this process, Duryodhana was born among them as a royal. However, from the perspective of birth and seniority, King Yudhishthira was the eldest.

24. בסדר הזה נולד ביניהם דוּרְיוֹדְהַנַה, שהיה למלך. אך לפי מועד הלידה היה המלך יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה הבכור.

Words meanings summery:

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, came into existence

• क्रमेण (krameṇa) - by this process (referring to the method of birth discussed previously) (by order, in succession, by degrees, by the process)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the Kauravas (of them, among them)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - royal (indicating his lineage and future status) (king, ruler, prince)

• जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by birth, from birth

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• प्रमाणेन (pramāṇena) - by seniority (by measure, by authority, by seniority, by standard)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, senior, chief

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born, came into existence

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

क्रमेण (krameṇa) - by this process (referring to the method of birth discussed previously) (by order, in succession, by degrees, by the process)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krama

krama - step, order, succession, method, process

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतेन (etena) - by this, with this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'krameṇa'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the Kauravas (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to fight with, name of the eldest Kaurava prince

From 'dur-' (bad, difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yudh-' (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - royal (indicating his lineage and future status) (king, ruler, prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā-' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative, describing Duryodhana.

जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by birth, from birth

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-tas' indicating source or manner.

Root: jan (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणेन (pramāṇena) - by seniority (by measure, by authority, by seniority, by standard)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, proof, seniority, valid knowledge

From 'pra-' (forth) + 'mā' (to measure) + '-ana'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, senior, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, best, chief, most excellent

Superlative form of 'praśasya' (good) or 'vṛddha' (old).

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, name of the eldest Pandava prince

From 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā-' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

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